Decision making in healthy participants on the Iowa Gambling Task: new insights from an operant approach.
Decision making in healthy participants on the Iowa Gambling Task: new insights from an operant approach.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00391
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Addis DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bull PN;Tippett LJ;Addis DR
爱荷华州赌博任务(IGT)对情感决策的研究做出了巨大贡献。然而，研究人员在健康参与者的IGT表现中观察到研究间和个体间的高度变异性，其中许多被标准标准归类为受损。此外，虽然决策缺陷往往归因于对奖励和/或惩罚的非典型敏感性，但IGT缺乏一种综合的敏感性衡量标准。本研究从操作的角度出发，进行了两个实验来探讨这些问题。在实验1中，50名健康参与者完成了200个IGT的试验版本，否则就非常接近Bechara等人的S原始计算机任务。试验1-100的小组数据紧密复制了Bechara等人S关于高净分和对优势甲板偏好的原始发现，这表明显著偏离Bechara标准IGT的实施有助于研究间变异性。在第101-200项试验期间，平均净分显著提高，符合“受损”标准的参与者的百分比减少了一半。应用于个人数据的操作式稳定性标准显示，这可能与学习速度的个体差异有关。实验2使用了一种新的操作卡片任务--奥克兰卡片任务(ACT)--利用广义匹配法则得出了敏感度的定量估计。与掌握IGT的人相比，IGT中持续表现不佳的人对ACT上奖惩的程度(但不是频率)的敏感度显著降低。总体而言，我们的发现证明了对IGT数据进行操作式分析的有效性，以及将操作式并行调度程序应用于人类决策研究的潜力。
The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has contributed greatly to the study of affective decision making. However, researchers have observed high inter-study and inter-individual variability in IGT performance in healthy participants, and many are classified as impaired using standard criteria. Additionally, while decision-making deficits are often attributed to atypical sensitivity to reward and/or punishment, the IGT lacks an integrated sensitivity measure. Adopting an operant perspective, two experiments were conducted to explore these issues. In Experiment 1, 50 healthy participants completed a 200-trial version of the IGT which otherwise closely emulated Bechara et al.'s original computer task. Group data for Trials 1–100 closely replicated Bechara et al.'s original findings of high net scores and preferences for advantageous decks, suggesting that implementations that depart significantly from Bechara's standard IGT contribute to inter-study variability. During Trials 101–200, mean net scores improved significantly and the percentage of participants meeting the “impaired” criterion was halved. An operant-style stability criterion applied to individual data revealed this was likely related to individual differences in learning rate. Experiment 2 used a novel operant card task—the Auckland Card Task (ACT)—to derive quantitative estimates of sensitivity using the generalized matching law. Relative to individuals who mastered the IGT, persistent poor performers on the IGT exhibited significantly lower sensitivity to magnitudes (but not frequencies) of rewards and punishers on the ACT. Overall, our findings demonstrate the utility of operant-style analysis of IGT data and the potential of applying operant concurrent-schedule procedures to the study of human decision making.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Balodis, IM;MacDonald, TK;Olmstead, MC
通讯作者：
Olmstead, MC
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Critchfield, TS;Paletz, EM;Newland, MC
通讯作者：
Newland, MC
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
BAUM, WM
通讯作者：
BAUM, WM
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
BAUM, WM
通讯作者：
BAUM, WM
DOI：
10.1007/bf03392559
发表时间：
1991-09-01
期刊：
BEHAVIOR ANALYST
影响因子：
--
作者：
BUSKIST, W;NEWLAND, MC;SHERBURNE, T
通讯作者：
SHERBURNE, T