The genomically mosaic brain: aneuploidy and more in neural diversity and disease.

The genomically mosaic brain: aneuploidy and more in neural diversity and disease.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.02.003
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发表时间:
2013-04
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Chun, Jerold
Chun, Jerold
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bushman, Diane M.;Chun, Jerold

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基因组相同的细胞长期以来一直被认为是人类大脑的组成部分,后基因组机制导致了其巨大的多样性,复杂性和疾病易感性。然而,含有体细胞产生的嵌合非整倍性(整倍体补体的染色体丢失和/或获得)和其他基因组变异(包括LINE 1逆转录转座子和DNA含量变异(DCV)的区域模式)的神经细胞的鉴定表明,大脑是基因组异质性的。精确的表型和功能产生的基因组嵌合体还没有很好地理解,虽然组成性畸变的影响,如唐氏综合征中观察到的,牵连的作用,为定义的嵌合基因组相关的细胞存活,分化潜能,干细胞生物学,和脑组织。在这里,我们讨论了基因组嵌合体作为正常大脑的一个特征,以及在许多最常见的神经和精神疾病形式中观察到的弱或复杂的遗传联系中的一个可能因素。
Genomically identical cells have long been assumed to comprise the human brain, with post-genomic mechanisms giving rise to its enormous diversity, complexity, and disease susceptibility. However, the identification of neural cells containing somatically generated mosaic aneuploidy – loss and/or gain of chromosomes from a euploid complement – and other genomic variations including LINE1 retrotransposons and regional patterns of DNA content variation (DCV), demonstrate that the brain is genomically heterogeneous. The precise phenotypes and functions produced by genomic mosaicism are not well understood, although the effects of constitutive aberrations, as observed in Down syndrome, implicate roles for defined mosaic genomes relevant to cellular survival, differentiation potential, stem cell biology, and brain organization. Here we discuss genomic mosaicism as a feature of the normal brain as well as a possible factor in the weak or complex genetic linkages observed for many of the most common forms of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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