Hurricane Katrina's First Responders: The Struggle to Protect and Serve in the Aftermath of the Disaster
Hurricane Katrina's First Responders: The Struggle to Protect and Serve in the Aftermath of the Disaster
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卡特里娜飓风的第一响应者：灾后保护和服务的斗争
DOI：
10.1001/dmp.2011.53
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Michele M Many
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Osofsky;J. Osofsky;J. Arey;M. Kronenberg;T. Hansel;Michele M Many
【摘要】目的：卡特里娜飓风凸显了灾害发生时第一响应者的关键作用，以及由此给他们及其家人带来的压力。本研究的主要目的是描述新奥尔良地区急救人员的心理健康状况和症状。我们进一步假设，考虑到灾难的严重程度和恢复的缓慢程度，卡特里娜飓风一周年后，创伤后压力和抑郁的症状不会减少。方法：共有1382名急救人员参与了这项纵向研究，包括来自警察、消防、紧急医疗服务和城市工作人员的受访者。第一次筛选是在卡特里娜飓风过后的6到9个月进行的，第二轮数据收集是在飓风过后的13到18个月进行的。在两个时间点对受访者的子样本（n = 87）进行匹配，从而允许成对样本比较。我们测量了所有受访者的创伤经历、酒精使用、伴侣冲突、服务请求、创伤后压力和抑郁水平。结果：超过四分之一的急救人员报告了以下创伤经历：目睹受伤或死亡（70%）；房屋损失（93%）；伤害朋友（25%）；以及之前的损失或创伤（30%）。数据还显示，至少10%的受访者有显著程度的创伤后应激症状；25%的参与者报告有明显程度的抑郁；超过40%的人报告饮酒增加，与伴侣发生冲突（41%）。在卡特里娜飓风过后的18个月内，创伤后应激或抑郁症状没有统计学上的显著减少。结论：研究结果表明，卡特里娜飓风影响和随后恢复的创伤严重程度对第一响应者的心理健康有重要影响。应注意焦虑或抑郁症状的报告，以防止症状加重，从而可能对第一响应者及其家人产生负面影响。这些发现强调了不仅要为急救人员提供心理健康服务，而且要在自然或技术灾害发生之前制定充分的计划。（灾害医学和公共卫生准备。2011;5:S214-S219）
ABSTRACT Objective: Hurricane Katrina highlighted both the crucial role of first responders in times of disaster and the resultant stress on them and their families. The primary objective of this study was to describe the mental health status and symptoms of first responders in the New Orleans area. We further hypothesized that given the extent of the disaster and slowness of recovery, symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression would not decrease after the first-year anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. Methods: A total of 1382 first responders, including respondents from police, fire, emergency medical services, and city workers, participated in this longitudinal study. The first screening was conducted between 6 and 9 months after Hurricane Katrina and the second round of data collection was conducted 13 to 18 months after the hurricane. A subsample of the respondents (n = 87) were matched at both time points, which allowed for paired sample comparisons. We measured all of the respondents' levels of traumatic experiences, alcohol use, partner conflict, requests for services, posttraumatic stress, and depression. Results: More than one-quarter of the first responders reported the following traumatic experiences: witnessed injury or death (70%); damage to home (93%); injury to a friend (25%); and previous loss or trauma (30%). Data also revealed that at least 10% of the respondents had significant levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms; 25% of the participants reported significant levels of depression; and more than 40% reported increased alcohol use and conflict with partner (41%). A statistically significant decrease in the symptoms of posttraumatic stress or depression was not found within 18 months of Hurricane Katrina. Conclusions: Results suggest that the severity of the traumas experienced from both the impact of Hurricane Katrina and the subsequent recovery has important mental health implications for first responders. Reports of symptoms of anxiety or depression should be attended to so as to prevent increasing symptoms that could negatively affect the first responder and his or her family. These findings highlight the importance of not only providing mental health services for first responders but also having adequate plans in place before natural or technological disasters strike. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:S214-S219)
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
WEISS, DS;MARMAR, CR;RONFELDT, HM
通讯作者：
RONFELDT, HM
卡特里娜飓风幸存者的资源损失、资源增益和心理健康。
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Zwiebach,Liza;Rhodes,Jean;Roemer,Lizabeth
通讯作者：
Roemer,Lizabeth