Marine Bacteria Display Different Escape Mechanisms When Facing Their Protozoan Predators.
Marine Bacteria Display Different Escape Mechanisms When Facing Their Protozoan Predators.
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DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms8121982
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发表时间：
2020-12-12
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Molmeret M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guillonneau R;Baraquet C;Molmeret M
自由生活的阿米巴原虫是微生物群落的成员，例如陆地、淡水和海洋栖息地的生物膜。尽管已知它们与许多生态系统（例如生物膜）中的细菌密切相关，但它们被认为是许多生态系统中的主要细菌捕食者。人们对微生物群落中原生动物和海洋细菌之间的关系知之甚少，更确切地说，对细菌如何能够在这些细菌食草动物也生活的环境生态位中生存知之甚少。这项工作的目的是研究普遍存在的阿米巴变形虫与从浸没的生物膜中分离出的四种海洋细菌之间的相互作用，以评估它们是否会全部被阿米巴变形虫吃掉，或者它们是否能够在捕食者存在的情况下生存。在细菌与阿米巴原虫的比例较低的情况下，我们发现每种细菌都会被吞噬，并在宿主细胞内遵循单一的细胞内路径，这似乎会延迟或阻止细菌消化。特别是，其中一种细菌在阿米巴核仁区室中发现，而另一种菌株则从阿米巴的囊泡中排出。然后，我们研究了以较高细菌与阿米巴原虫比例生长的细菌的命运，即在卡斯特拉尼阿米巴存在下预先形成的单物种或多物种生物膜。我们表明，在阿米巴或其上清液存在的情况下，所有生物膜都会从表面脱离。总的来说，这些结果表明，细菌在面对相同的捕食者时，在细胞和种群水平上表现出多种逃逸机制，而我们本来可以期待简单的细菌吃草。因此，这项研究揭示了环境细菌在面对同一微生物群落中可能遇到的捕食者时的生存的新见解。
Free-living amoeba are members of microbial communities such as biofilms in terrestrial, fresh, and marine habitats. Although they are known to live in close association with bacteria in many ecosystems such as biofilms, they are considered to be major bacterial predators in many ecosystems. Little is known on the relationship between protozoa and marine bacteria in microbial communities, more precisely on how bacteria are able survive in environmental niches where these bacterial grazers also live. The objective of this work is to study the interaction between the axenized ubiquitous amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii and four marine bacteria isolated from immersed biofilm, in order to evaluate if they would be all grazed upon by amoeba or if they would be able to survive in the presence of their predator. At a low bacteria-to-amoeba ratio, we show that each bacterium is phagocytized and follows a singular intracellular path within this host cell, which appears to delay or to prevent bacterial digestion. In particular, one of the bacteria was found in the amoeba nucleolar compartment whereas another strain was expelled from the amoeba in vesicles. We then looked at the fate of the bacteria grown in a higher bacteria-to-amoeba ratio, as a preformed mono- or multi-species biofilm in the presence of A. castellanii. We show that all biofilms were subjected to detachment from the surface in the presence of the amoeba or its supernatant. Overall, these results show that bacteria, when facing the same predator, exhibit a variety of escape mechanisms at the cellular and population level, when we could have expected a simple bacterial grazing. Therefore, this study unravels new insights into the survival of environmental bacteria when facing predators that they could encounter in the same microbial communities.
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Bella C;Koehler L;Grosser K;Berendonk TU;Petroni G;Schrallhammer M
通讯作者：
Schrallhammer M
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
1.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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