Neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying estrogen positive feedback and the LH surge.
Neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying estrogen positive feedback and the LH surge.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2022.953252
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Kauffman, Alexander S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kauffman, Alexander S.
生殖神经内分泌学的一个基本原理是性类固醇反馈：性腺分泌的类固醇激素循环回大脑，以调节控制生殖神经内分泌轴的神经回路。这些调节反馈回路最终作用于调节促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）的分泌，从而影响垂体前叶促性腺激素的分泌。在女性中，雌二醇（E2）在月经（或发情）周期中期上升，矛盾地从抑制GnRH分泌（“负反馈”）“切换”到刺激GnRH释放（“正反馈”），导致GnRH分泌激增和下游LH激增，从而触发排卵。虽然GnRH神经元的上游神经传入，包括下丘脑吻侧的kisspeptin神经元，被认为是E2反馈作用的关键位点，但控制E2负反馈和正反馈之间转换的潜在机制仍然知之甚少。事实上，卵巢源性E2间接刺激GnRH激增分泌的精确细胞靶点、神经信号因子和受体、激素通路和分子机制仍不完全清楚。在许多物种中，黄体生成素激增也有昼夜节律因素，限制其发生在一天中的特定时间，但昼夜节律时钟如何与内分泌信号相互作用，最终确定黄体生成素激增产生的时间，仍然是一个主要的知识空白。在这里，我们将重点关注啮齿类动物模型的经典和最新数据，并讨论关于神经参与者的共识知识，包括kisspeptin、视交叉上核和神经胶质，以及内分泌参与者，包括雌二醇和黄体酮，在雌性e2诱导的LH激增的复杂调节和产生中。
A fundamental principle in reproductive neuroendocrinology is sex steroid feedback: steroid hormones secreted by the gonads circulate back to the brain to regulate the neural circuits governing the reproductive neuroendocrine axis. These regulatory feedback loops ultimately act to modulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, thereby affecting gonadotropin secretion from the anterior pituitary. In females, rising estradiol (E2) during the middle of the menstrual (or estrous) cycle paradoxically “switch” from being inhibitory on GnRH secretion (“negative feedback”) to stimulating GnRH release (“positive feedback”), resulting in a surge in GnRH secretion and a downstream LH surge that triggers ovulation. While upstream neural afferents of GnRH neurons, including kisspeptin neurons in the rostral hypothalamus, are proposed as critical loci of E2 feedback action, the underlying mechanisms governing the shift between E2 negative and positive feedback are still poorly understood. Indeed, the precise cell targets, neural signaling factors and receptors, hormonal pathways, and molecular mechanisms by which ovarian-derived E2 indirectly stimulates GnRH surge secretion remain incompletely known. In many species, there is also a circadian component to the LH surge, restricting its occurrence to specific times of day, but how the circadian clock interacts with endocrine signals to ultimately time LH surge generation also remains a major gap in knowledge. Here, we focus on classic and recent data from rodent models and discuss the consensus knowledge of the neural players, including kisspeptin, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and glia, as well as endocrine players, including estradiol and progesterone, in the complex regulation and generation of E2-induced LH surges in females.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Cheng, MY;Bullock, CM;Zhou, QY
通讯作者：
Zhou, QY
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Adekunbi DA;Li XF;Lass G;Shetty K;Adegoke OA;Yeo SH;Colledge WH;Lightman SL;O'Byrne KT
通讯作者：
O'Byrne KT
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Boden, Michael J.;Varcoe, Tamara J.;Kennaway, David J.
通讯作者：
Kennaway, David J.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
BISHOP, W;KALRA, PS;MCCANN, SM
通讯作者：
MCCANN, SM
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Bittman, Eric L.
通讯作者：
Bittman, Eric L.