Population aging and the historical development of intergenerational transfer systems
Population aging and the historical development of intergenerational transfer systems
复制标题
人口老龄化与代际转移制度的历史发展
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ronald Lee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ronald Lee
从我们进化的过去，人类继承了长期的对儿童的依赖，广泛的代际传递给儿童，合作繁殖，以及社会分享食物。老年人继续将盈余转移到年轻人手中。农业革命后，人口密度增加，使土地和住宅成为老年人控制的宝贵资产，导致他们的劳动力供应减少，使他们成为净消费者。在今天的一些东亚社会，老年人由成年子女赡养，但在大多数社会，老年人继续从资产收入或公共养老金中向子女进行私人净转移。不断增长的公共代际转移挤占了私人转移。在一些高收入国家，代际流动的方向从下到上，从年轻到年老。尽管如此，世界各地从老年人到年轻人的私人转移净额仍在强劲下降。对于许多但不是所有国家来说，除非进行重大的项目改革，否则预计的人口老龄化将带来财政不稳定。然而，在许多国家，人口老龄化将减少私人向儿童转移的成年人的净成本，部分抵消工作年龄成年人向老年人公共转移增加的净成本。
From our evolutionary past, humans inherited a long period of child dependency, extensive intergenerational transfers to children, cooperative breeding, and social sharing of food. Older people continued to transfer a surplus to the young. After the agricultural revolution, population densities grew making land and residences valuable assets controlled by older people, leading to their reduced labor supply which made them net consumers. In some East Asian societies today, elders are supported by adult children but in most societies the elderly continue to make private net transfers to their children out of asset income or public pensions. Growing public intergenerational transfers have crowded out private transfers. In some high-income countries, the direction of intergenerational flows has reversed from downward to upwards, from young to old. Nonetheless, net private transfers remain strongly downward, from older to younger, everywhere in the world. For many but not all countries, projected population aging will bring fiscal instability unless there are major program reforms. However, in many countries population aging will reduce the net cost to adults of private transfers to children, partially offsetting the increased net costs to working age adults for public transfers to the elderly.
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Burkart, J. M.;Allon, O.;van Schaik, C. P.
通讯作者：
van Schaik, C. P.
成为父母的财政外部性。
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Wolf,DouglasA;Lee,RonaldD;Miller,Timothy;Donehower,Gretchen;Genest,Alexandre
通讯作者：
Genest,Alexandre