Parental legacy in insects: variation of transgenerational immune priming during offspring development.
Parental legacy in insects: variation of transgenerational immune priming during offspring development.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0063392
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hilker M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trauer U;Hilker M
在昆虫中，亲本免疫攻击可以准备和增强后代的免疫活性。以往的研究，这种跨代免疫启动（TGIP）主要集中在一个单一的后代的生命阶段。然而，不同的发育阶段可能会暴露于不同的风险，并显示出不同的易感性亲本免疫启动。在这里，我们解决了以下问题：（i）TGIP对烟草天蛾后代免疫力的影响是否在不同发育阶段的后代中存在差异。我们区分未挑战和免疫挑战的后代;对于后一种类型的后代，我们进一步研究（ii）TGIP是否对后代免疫挑战后增强免疫水平持续的时间产生影响。最后，我们确定（iii）TGIP对后代表现的影响是否取决于后代阶段。我们的研究结果表明，TGIP酚氧化酶（PO）活性的影响，但不是抗菌活性，不同的未挑战的后代阶段。相反，TGIP对PO和抗菌活性的影响在免疫攻击的后代阶段之间没有变化。增强免疫水平的持久性免疫攻击的后代是依赖于父母的免疫状态。抗菌（但不是PO）活性在后代的免疫挑战的父母蛹免疫挑战后五天内下降，而没有显着的变化，随着时间的推移在后代的控制父母。最后，TGIP对未受挑战的后代的发育时间的影响在各个阶段之间变化;免疫挑战的父母的年轻幼虫比对照父母的幼虫发育更快，体重增加更多。然而，免疫激发的父母的后代雌性比来自对照父母的雌性产的蛋少。这些发现表明，后代在幼年发育期间从TGIP中获得的好处是由生殖能力下降的成年人付出的。我们的研究表明，TGIP效应在后代阶段之间变化，并取决于免疫类型（PO或抗菌活性）以及后代免疫攻击的时间。
In insects, a parental immune challenge can prepare and enhance offspring immune activity. Previous studies of such transgenerational immune priming (TGIP) mainly focused on a single offspring life stage. However, different developmental stages may be exposed to different risks and show different susceptibility to parental immune priming. Here we addressed the question (i) whether TGIP effects on the immunity of Manduca sexta offspring vary among the different developmental offspring stages. We differentiated between unchallenged and immunochallenged offspring; for the latter type of offspring, we further investigated (ii) whether TGIP has an impact on the time that enhanced immune levels persist after offspring immune challenge. Finally, we determined (iii) whether TGIP effects on offspring performance depend on the offspring stage. Our results show that TGIP effects on phenoloxidase (PO) activity, but not on antibacterial activity, vary among unchallenged offspring stages. In contrast, TGIP effects on PO and antibacterial activity did not vary among immunochallenged offspring stages. The persistence of enhanced immune levels in immunochallenged offspring was dependent on the parental immune state. Antibacterial (but not PO) activity in offspring of immunochallenged parents decreased over five days after pupal immune challenge, whereas no significant change over time was detectable in offspring of control parents. Finally, TGIP effects on the developmental time of unchallenged offspring varied among stages; young larvae of immunochallenged parents developed faster and gained more weight than larvae of control parents. However, offspring females of immunochallenged parents laid fewer eggs than females derived from control parents. These findings suggest that the benefits which the offspring gains from TGIP during juvenile development are paid by the adults with reduced reproductive power. Our study shows that TGIP effects vary among offspring stages and depend on the type of immunity (PO or antibacterial activity) as well as the time past offspring immune challenge.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2004.2919
发表时间：
2005-01-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Jacot, A;Scheuber, H;Brinkhof, MWG
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DOI：
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