Predicting and projecting memory: Error and bias in metacognitive judgements underlying testimony evaluation
Predicting and projecting memory: Error and bias in metacognitive judgements underlying testimony evaluation
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预测和投射记忆：证词评估中元认知判断的错误和偏见
DOI：
10.1111/lcrp.12232
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Helm R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Helm R
PurposeMetacogliterary判断另一个人会记得他们经历了刺激，即社会元记忆判断，可能是重要的刑事和民事司法系统中的证词评估。本文开发和测试的预测有可能是重要的法律的背景下的错误，从自己的记忆被不适当地应用到别人的记忆，和错误导致的差异经验的潜在stimulation.MethodWe研究社会元记忆判断的两个来源的错误。在实验1（N= 323）中，被试被要求做出与面孔相关的社会元记忆判断或与他们自己的面孔记忆相关的预测。在实验2（N= 275）中，我们操纵参与者的经验的面孔，持有所描述的经验的人的记忆被评估常数，并要求参与者作出社会元记忆judges.ResultsAs预测，有关他人的记忆判断容易出现不准确。虽然参与者对自己的记忆进行预测的表现高于机会，但参与者对社会元记忆判断的表现并不比机会更好。社会元记忆判断也受到评估者所经历的刺激方式的影响，即使这种经历与他们正在评估的记忆的人的经历并不一致，结论拥有我们自己的记忆经验并不一定使我们能够很好地评估他人的记忆，事实上，我们自己的记忆经验甚至可能在对他人的记忆做出判断时产生误导。
PurposeMetacognitive judgements of what another person would remember had they experienced a stimulus—that is social metamemory judgements, are likely to be important in evaluations of testimony in criminal and civil justice systems. This paper develops and tests predictions about two sources of error in social metamemory judgements that have the potential to be important in legal contexts—errors resulting from beliefs informed by own memory being inappropriately applied to the memory of others, and errors resulting from differential experience of an underlying stimulus.MethodWe examined social metamemory judgements in two experimental studies. In Experiment 1 (N= 323), participants were required to make either social metamemory judgements relating to faces or predictions relating to their own memory for faces. In Experiment 2 (N= 275), we manipulated participant experience of faces, holding the described experience of the person whose memory was being assessed constant and asked participants to make social metamemory judgements.ResultsAs predicted, judgements relating to the memory of others were prone to inaccuracy. Whilst participants making predictions relating to their own memory performed above chance, participants making social metamemory judgements performed no better than chance. Social metamemory judgements were also influenced by the way stimuli were experienced by an assessor, even where this experience did not correspond to the experience of the person whose memory they were assessing.ConclusionsHaving our own experiences of memory does not necessarily make us well‐placed to assess the memory of others, and, in fact, our own experiences of memory can even be misleading in making judgements about the memory of others.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Duchaine, B;Nakayama, K
通讯作者：
Nakayama, K
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
R. Saraiva;Inger Mathilde van Boeijen;Lorraine Hope;R. Horselenberg;Melanie Sauerland;P. J. Koppen
通讯作者：
P. J. Koppen
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
BERMAN, GL;NARBY, DJ;CUTLER, BL
通讯作者：
CUTLER, BL
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Andersen, Shannon M.;Carlson, Curt A.;Gronlund, Scott D.
通讯作者：
Gronlund, Scott D.
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Akhtar, Shazia;Justice, Lucy, V;Conway, Martin A.
通讯作者：
Conway, Martin A.