Modifications of cell wall polymers in Gram-positive bacteria by multi-component transmembrane glycosylation systems.
Modifications of cell wall polymers in Gram-positive bacteria by multi-component transmembrane glycosylation systems.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mib.2021.01.007
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Gründling A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rismondo J;Gillis A;Gründling A
革兰氏阳性菌的细胞壁已经进化为产生不同的糖聚合物。LTA通过多组分跨膜糖基化系统进行糖基化。WTA和复合细胞壁多糖可以在细胞内和细胞外被糖基化。GT-C-折叠糖基转移酶可以通过结构同源性分析来预测。次生细胞壁聚合物在革兰氏阳性菌的细胞壁内实现多种重要功能。在这里，我们将提供一个简要的概述的原则，磷壁酸和复杂的次生细胞壁多糖的生物合成途径在厚壁菌，并总结最近修订的机制，磷壁酸与d-丙氨酸的装饰。许多细胞壁聚合物在细胞内或细胞外被糖基修饰。这篇综述的主要重点将是细胞外糖基化的机制和最近的进展，已在确定参与这一过程的酶。基于所涉及的蛋白质，我们建议将三组分糖基化系统重新命名为多组分跨膜糖基化系统。
Cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria have evolved to produce different glycopolymers. LTA is glycosylated by a multi-component transmembrane glycosylation system. WTA and complex cell wall polysaccharides can be glycosylated intracellularly and extracellularly. GT-C-fold glycosyltransferases can be predicted by structural homology analysis. Secondary cell wall polymers fulfil diverse and important functions within the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the principles of teichoic acid and complex secondary cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis pathways in Firmicutes and summarize the recently revised mechanism for the decoration of teichoic acids with d-alanines. Many cell wall polymers are decorated with glycosyl groups, either intracellularly or extracellularly. The main focus of this review will be on the extracellular glycosylation mechanism and recent advances that have been made in the identification of enzymes involved in this process. Based on the proteins involved, we propose to rename the system to multi-component transmembrane glycosylation system in place of three-component glycosylation system.
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