Blinking behavior in great‐tailed grackles ( Quiscalus mexicanus ) increases during simulated rainfall
Blinking behavior in great‐tailed grackles (
Quiscalus mexicanus
) increases during simulated rainfall
复制标题
模拟降雨期间，大尾鹩哥（Quiscalus mexicanus）的眨眼行为增加
DOI：
10.1111/eth.13003
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Jessica L. Yorzinski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jessica L. Yorzinski
动物通常会改变它们的行为相对于环境条件的突然变化（波义耳，诺里斯，和Guglielmo，2010年; Streby等人，2015年）的报告。特别是，降雨可以影响行为，因为许多物种会改变它们的活动模式以应对降雨（Belwood & Fullard，1984; He，Tian，Wu，& Zeng，2016; Kennedy，1970）。例如，许多鸣禽和蝙蝠在大雨中寻找掩护（Belwood & Fullard，1984; Hume，1986; Kennedy，1970; Robbins，1981）。同样，鸟类捕食者在下雨时也会保持在遮盖物中（Sergio，2003; Touchton，Hsu，& Palleroni，2002）。相比之下，哺乳动物捕食者在多雨的条件下会增加它们的活动水平（Jenny & Zuberbühler，2005; Koshkarev，1984）。物种对降雨的行为反应明显不同，但我们对这种变化的理解有限。生理反应可能是物种对降雨反应的行为变异的基础。特别是，降雨往往会增加新陈代谢的成本。在短暂的飞行中，索厄尔的短尾果蝠（Sowell's short-tailed fruit bats）和安娜的蜂鸟（Calypte安娜）在暴露于雨水时具有高代谢率（Voigt，Schneeberger，Voigt-Heucke，& Lewanzik，2011）。白头海雕（Haliaeetus leucocephalus）、美洲红隼（Falco sparverius）和欧洲兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）在经历雨天时也表现出较高的静息代谢率（Seltmann，Ruf，& Rödel，2009; Stalmaster & Gessaman，1984; Wilson，库珀，& Gessaman，2004）。高代谢率可能部分归因于润湿期间的热损失（Webb & King，1984; Wilson等人，2004），这对于体型较小的个体尤其明显（Müller & McCutcheon，1991）。考虑到某些物种在降雨期间的高代谢成本，在降雨条件下最小化其行为活动的个体可能会最大化其能量权衡。种间的相互作用也可能是降雨期间行为改变的基础。可能是由于降雨期间猎物可获得性的变化，鸟类捕食者经常在降雨期间停止狩猎（Sergio，2003; Touchton等人，2002），而哺乳动物捕食者更经常在多雨的条件下狩猎（Jenny & Zuberbühler，2005; Koshkarev，1984）。降雨也可能影响感官能力（希尔顿，Ruxton，&克雷斯韦尔，1999; Koshkarev，1984; Voigt等人，2011年）。降雨可能会损害听觉能力，使猎物无法轻易发现接近的捕食者（希尔顿等人，1999; Koshkarev，1984）。投稿时间：2019年10月7日|修订日期：2019年12月19日|接受日期：2019年12月23日DOI：10.1111/eth.13003
Animals often alter their behavior relative to abrupt changes in environmental conditions (Boyle, Norris, & Guglielmo, 2010; Streby et al., 2015). In particular, rainfall can influence behavior as many species change their activity patterns in response to rain (Belwood & Fullard, 1984; He, Tian, Wu, & Zeng, 2016; Kennedy, 1970). For example, many songbirds and bats seek cover during heavy rain (Belwood & Fullard, 1984; Hume, 1986; Kennedy, 1970; Robbins, 1981). Similarly, avian predators also remain in cover during rain (Sergio, 2003; Touchton, Hsu, & Palleroni, 2002). In contrast, mammalian predators increase their activity levels in rainy conditions (Jenny & Zuberbühler, 2005; Koshkarev, 1984). Species clearly vary in their behavioral responses to rainfall, but our understanding of this variation is limited. Physiological responses may underlie behavioral variation among species in their responses to rainfall. In particular, rainfall often increases metabolic costs. During brief flights, Sowell's short-tailed fruit bats (Carollia sowelli) and Anna's hummingbirds (Calypte anna) have high metabolic rates when exposed to rain (Voigt, Schneeberger, Voigt-Heucke, & Lewanzik, 2011). Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), American kestrels (Falco sparverius), and European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) also exhibit high resting metabolic rates when experiencing rainy conditions (Seltmann, Ruf, & Rödel, 2009; Stalmaster & Gessaman, 1984; Wilson, Cooper, & Gessaman, 2004). The high metabolic rates are likely due in part to heat loss during wetting (Webb & King, 1984; Wilson et al., 2004), which is particularly pronounced for individuals with small body sizes (Müller & McCutcheon, 1991). Given high metabolic costs during rainfall in some species, individuals that minimize their behavioral activity during rainy conditions may maximize their energetic tradeoffs. Interspecific interactions could also underlie altered behavior during rainfall. Potentially due to shifts in prey availability during rainfall, avian predators often stop hunting during rain (Sergio, 2003; Touchton et al., 2002) while mammalian predators hunt more often in rainy conditions (Jenny & Zuberbühler, 2005; Koshkarev, 1984). Rainfall may also impact sensory abilities (Hilton, Ruxton, & Cresswell, 1999; Koshkarev, 1984; Voigt et al., 2011). Rainfall might impair auditory abilities such that prey cannot easily detect approaching predators (Hilton et al., 1999; Koshkarev, 1984). Received: 7 October 2019 | Revised: 19 December 2019 | Accepted: 23 December 2019 DOI: 10.1111/eth.13003
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Wu,Ziwei;Begley,CarolynG;Situ,Ping;Simpson,Trefford
通讯作者：
Simpson,Trefford