The regulatory challenge of electronic cigarettes.
The regulatory challenge of electronic cigarettes.
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电子烟的监管挑战。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Goniewicz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Benowitz;M. Goniewicz
电子烟(电子烟或电子尼古丁输送系统)加热尼古丁溶液，产生被吸入的蒸汽，而不燃烧烟草及其有毒成分。在美国和世界各地，电子烟的使用正在增加。美国目前的吸烟者报告称，曾经使用过电子烟的比例为11.4%，在过去30天内使用电子烟的比例为4.1%。它们对个人吸烟者的直接危害可能比烟草香烟小，并可能帮助吸烟者戒烟或通过减少吸烟来减少危害。另一方面，也有潜在的危害，包括促进继续吸烟和重新正常化吸烟行为。美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)被授权监管烟草产品，该机构在2011年宣布了将电子烟作为烟草产品进行监管的计划。FDA将需要就产品安全做出一些监管决定，这些决定可能会对公众健康产生重大影响，并将面临许多挑战。电子烟作为一种尼古丁输送系统通过吸入将尼古丁输送到肺部，并迅速吸收到循环中，这对吸烟上瘾至关重要。3.吸烟对健康的不良影响主要是由吸入有毒烟草成分和有机燃烧产物引起的。尼古丁本身会导致一些与吸烟有关的疾病，但它的贡献被认为比燃烧产物小得多。3以尼古丁替代疗法的形式提供清洁的尼古丁(不含燃烧产物或其他烟草植物毒素)已有近30年的历史，已被证明是促进戒烟的一种安全方法。与吸入和吸收香烟烟雾中的尼古丁相比，目前可用的NRT产品不太令人满意，也不太容易被吸烟者接受。多年来，健康研究人员一直在讨论吸入清洁尼古丁设备的可能性，认为它可能是一种更有效的促进戒烟的方法。尽管尚未证明电子烟在戒烟方面是安全或有效的，但电子烟一直被定位为这样一种吸入型尼古丁释放装置，并通过这种感知获得了流行。目前市场上有250多个电子烟品牌，近年来产品发展迅速。不同的电子烟品牌有不同的设计，影响蒸汽的性质和潜在的毒性。因此，很难将电子烟概括为…
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems) heat a nicotine solution to generate vapor that is inhaled, without the combustion of tobacco and its toxic constituents. Use of e-cigarettes is increasing in the United States and around the world. Current smokers in the United States report an 11.4% prevalence of ever use of e-cigarettes and 4.1% use in past 30 days. 1 They likely pose less direct hazard to the individual smoker than tobacco cigarettes and might help smokers quit smoking or reduce harm by smoking fewer tobacco cigarettes. On the other hand, there are potential harms, including promoting continued smoking of cigarettes and renormalizing cigarette smoking behaviors. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is authorized to regulate tobacco products, and in 2011 the agency announced plans to regulate e-cigarettes as tobacco products. 2 The FDA will need to make a number of regulatory decisions about product safety that could have major effects on public health and will face many challenges. The e-Cigarette as a Nicotine Delivery System The delivery of nicotine to the lungs via inhalation, with rapid absorption into the circulation, is critical to the addictiveness of cigarette smoking. 3 The adverse health consequences of cigarette smoking are caused primarily by inhalation of toxic tobacco constituents and organic combustion products. Nicotine per se contributes to some smoking-related diseases, but its contribution is considered to be much smaller than that of combustion products. 3 The provision of clean nicotine (without combustion products or other tobacco plant toxins) in the form of nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) has been in use for nearly 30 years and has proven to be a safe way to facilitate smoking cessation. Currently available NRT products are not as satisfying and are less acceptable to smokers compared with inhaling and absorbing nicotine from cigarette smoke. The possibility of an inhaled clean nicotine device has been discussed by health researchers for many years as a potentially more effective way to promote smoking cessation. Although not yet proven safe or effective for smoking cessation, the e-cigarette has been positioned as such an inhaled nicotine delivery device and has gained popularity through this perception. More than 250 e-cigarette brands are on the market currently , and products have evolved rapidly in recent years. Different e-cigarette brands are engineered differently , affecting the character and potential toxicity of the vapor. Thus, it is difficult to generalize about e-cigarettes as …
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Pearson JL;Richardson A;Niaura RS;Vallone DM;Abrams DB
通讯作者：
Abrams DB
电子尼古丁输送系统：国际烟草控制四国调查。
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Adkison, Sarah E.;O'Connor, Richard J.;Bansal-Travers, Maansi;Hyland, Andrew;Borland, Ron;Yong, Hua-Hie;Cummings, K. Michael;McNeill, Ann;Thrasher, James F.;Hammond, David;Fong, Geoffrey T.
通讯作者：
Fong, Geoffrey T.