Filtering the Junk: Assigning Function to the Mosquito Non-Coding Genome.
Filtering the Junk: Assigning Function to the Mosquito Non-Coding Genome.
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DOI：
10.3390/insects12020186
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发表时间：
2021-02-22
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Riehle MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farley EJ;Eggleston H;Riehle MM
在真核生物中，不编码蛋白质的基因组部分远远超过含有蛋白质编码基因的部分。这种非编码基因组，曾经被称为“垃圾”，几十年来被认为对生物体的生物学无关紧要。现在人们普遍认为，非编码基因组中的元件具有重要的基因调控功能，影响基因及其蛋白质产物表达的时间、地点和水平。由于没有类似氨基酸的密码来破译基因组内的非编码调控元件，因此重大的技术发展有助于它们的发现。目前，非编码调控元件的全基因组鉴定是一个活跃的研究领域，在人类、小鼠和其他模式生物中取得了重大进展。然而，解决这些因素在蚊子疾病媒介中的作用的工作仍处于起步阶段。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了现有的方法来生成三类非编码元件的全基因组目录，并讨论了它们在蚊子疾病媒介和其他昆虫中的应用。蚊子基因组中不编码蛋白质的部分含有调节元件，这些调节元件可能是重要表型变异的基础，包括对虫媒病毒和顶复门寄生虫感染的抗性和易感性。过滤非编码基因组以揭示这些功能元件是一个不断扩大的研究领域，尽管由于缺乏非编码基因组的氨基酸样密码和缺乏跨物种的序列保守性，非编码调控元件的鉴定具有挑战性。本文综述了三种类型的非编码调控元件：（1）microRNA（miRNAs），（2）长链非编码RNA（lncRNA），（3）增强子，并总结了目前在全基因组范围内测量这些元件的技术和分析方法的进展。该综述还总结和强调了这些技术在蚊媒疾病研究中应用后的新发现。超越蛋白质编码基因组是理解蚊子疾病载体中虫媒病毒或寄生虫感染引起的差异基因表达的复杂性所必需的。对基因和蛋白质表达调控的全面理解将为基于自然分离遗传变异的转基因和其他载体控制方法提供信息。
In eukaryotes, the fraction of the genome not coding for proteins vastly outsizes the portion containing protein-coding genes. This non-coding genome, once termed “junk”, was thought for decades to be inconsequential to the biology of an organism. It is now widely acknowledged that elements within the non-coding genome serve important gene-regulatory functions impacting when, where, and to what levels genes and their protein products are expressed. Without an amino acid-like code to decipher non-coding regulatory elements within the genome, significant technology development has aided in their discovery. Currently, genome-wide identification of non-coding regulatory elements is an active area of research with significant progress made in humans, mice, and other model organisms. However, work to address the roles of these elements in mosquito disease vectors is in its infancy. In this article, we review existing methodology to generate genome-wide catalogs for three classes of non-coding elements and discuss their use in mosquito disease vectors and other insects. The portion of the mosquito genome that does not code for proteins contains regulatory elements that likely underlie variation for important phenotypes including resistance and susceptibility to infection with arboviruses and Apicomplexan parasites. Filtering the non-coding genome to uncover these functional elements is an expanding area of research, though identification of non-coding regulatory elements is challenging due to the lack of an amino acid-like code for the non-coding genome and a lack of sequence conservation across species. This review focuses on three types of non-coding regulatory elements: (1) microRNAs (miRNAs), (2) long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and (3) enhancers, and summarizes current advances in technical and analytical approaches for measurement of each of these elements on a genome-wide scale. The review also summarizes and highlights novel findings following application of these techniques in mosquito-borne disease research. Looking beyond the protein-coding genome is essential for understanding the complexities that underlie differential gene expression in response to arboviral or parasite infection in mosquito disease vectors. A comprehensive understanding of the regulation of gene and protein expression will inform transgenic and other vector control methods rooted in naturally segregating genetic variation.
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影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Bonasio R;Shiekhattar R
通讯作者：
Shiekhattar R
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Dennison, Nathan J.;BenMarzouk-Hidalgo, Omar J.;Dimopoulos, George
通讯作者：
Dimopoulos, George
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Azlan, Azali;Obeidat, Sattam M.;Azzarn, Ghows
通讯作者：
Azzarn, Ghows
DOI：
10.1186/s13058-018-0964-4
发表时间：
2018-06-05
期刊：
Breast cancer research : BCR
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bensen JT;Graff M;Young KL;Sethupathy P;Parker J;Pecot CV;Currin K;Haddad SA;Ruiz-Narváez EA;Haiman CA;Hong CC;Sucheston-Campbell LE;Zhu Q;Liu S;Yao S;Bandera EV;Rosenberg L;Lunetta KL;Ambrosone CB;Palmer JR;Troester MA;Olshan AF
通讯作者：
Olshan AF
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Behura, Susanta K.;Sarro, Joseph;Duman-Scheel, Molly
通讯作者：
Duman-Scheel, Molly