Passive and active vaccination strategies to prevent ricin poisoning.
Passive and active vaccination strategies to prevent ricin poisoning.
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins3091163
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发表时间：
2011-09
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Vitetta ES
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pincus SH;Smallshaw JE;Song K;Berry J;Vitetta ES
蓖麻毒素（Ricin toxin， RT）是从蓖麻豆中提取的，由蓖麻属植物产生。RT及其毒性A链（RTA）已被用于治疗靶向致病细胞的配体。在大多数情况下，这些配体是细胞结合单克隆抗体（mab）。这些配体-毒素缀合物或免疫毒素（ITs）已在临床试验中取得了成功。蓖麻毒素在生物防御方面也受到关注，被美国疾病控制与预防中心列为B类生物威胁。几乎所有关于RT中毒的报告都是由于摄入蓖麻豆，因为蓖麻豆在世界各地大量生长，而且很容易获得。RT易于纯化和稳定，并且不难武器化。在任何“白色粉末”事件中都必须考虑RT，并且已有记录的将其用于间谍活动的案例[2,3]。由蓖麻毒素中毒引起的临床症状取决于接触途径。目前正在制定预防蓖麻毒素中毒的对策，其使用将取决于军方或平民是否有接触风险。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论蓖麻毒素，它的细胞作用方式，暴露后发生的临床综合征，以及预防中毒的暴露前后方法的发展。
Ricin toxin (RT) is derived from castor beans, produced by the plant Ricinus communis. RT and its toxic A chain (RTA) have been used therapeutically to arm ligands that target disease-causing cells. In most cases these ligands are cell-binding monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These ligand-toxin conjugates or immunotoxins (ITs) have shown success in clinical trials [1]. Ricin is also of concern in biodefense and has been classified by the CDC as a Class B biothreat. Virtually all reports of RT poisoning have been due to ingestion of castor beans, since they grow abundantly throughout the world and are readily available. RT is easily purified and stable, and is not difficult to weaponize. RT must be considered during any “white powder” incident and there have been documented cases of its use in espionage [2,3]. The clinical syndrome resulting from ricin intoxication is dependent upon the route of exposure. Countermeasures to prevent ricin poisoning are being developed and their use will depend upon whether military or civilian populations are at risk of exposure. In this review we will discuss ricin toxin, its cellular mode of action, the clinical syndromes that occur following exposure and the development of pre- and post-exposure approaches to prevent of intoxication.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Hubbard, WJ;Moore, JK;Thomas, JM
通讯作者：
Thomas, JM
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Kende, M;Yan, CH;Tammariello, R
通讯作者：
Tammariello, R
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
GRIFFITHS, GD;LINDSAY, CD;UPSHALL, DG
通讯作者：
UPSHALL, DG
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Bai, Yan;Watt, Beth;Robertus, Jon D.
通讯作者：
Robertus, Jon D.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0911606106
发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Ho, Meng-Chiao;Sturm, Matthew B.;Schramm, Vern L.
通讯作者：
Schramm, Vern L.