Catalysts from synthetic genetic polymers.

Catalysts from synthetic genetic polymers.
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DOI:
10.1038/nature13982
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发表时间:
2015-02-19
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Holliger, Philipp
Holliger, Philipp
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Taylor, Alexander I.;Pinheiro, Vitor B.;Smola, Matthew J.;Morgunov, Alexey S.;Peak-Chew, Sew;Cozens, Christopher;Weeks, Kevin M.;Herdewijn, Piet;Holliger, Philipp

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像RNA这样的早期遗传聚合物中催化的出现被认为是生命起源中的一个关键转变,早于蛋白质酶的出现。DNA还展示了在体外折叠成三维结构和形成催化剂的能力。然而,这些天然生物聚合物在多大程度上包括用于折叠或催化进化的功能特权化学支架尚不清楚。具有自然界中没有的替代主链化学的合成遗传聚合物(XNAs)能够折叠成定义的结构并结合配体,这增加了这些聚合物也可能能够形成催化剂(XNAzyme)的可能性。在这里,我们报告了在四种不同的化学成分(ANA(阿拉伯核酸)、FANA(2‘-氟阿拉伯核酸)、HNA(己醇核酸)和CENA(环己烯核酸))中直接从随机XNA寡聚物库中发现的这种XNAzyme,显示出反式RNA内切酶和连接酶的活性。我们还描述了Fana骨架中的XNA-XNA连接酶金属酶,在一个完全合成的系统中建立了催化作用,并能够从其组成部分合成Fana寡聚体和具有活性的RNA内切酶FANAzyme。这些结果将催化扩展到生物聚合物之外,并为在自然界中找不到的各种聚合物支架中发现催化剂奠定了技术基础。独立于任何天然聚合物的催化演化对于定义地球和宇宙其他地方生命出现的化学边界条件具有重要意义。
The emergence of catalysis in early genetic polymers like RNA is considered a key transition in the origin of life, predating the appearance of protein enzymes. DNA also demonstrates the capacity to fold into three-dimensional structures and form catalysts in vitro. However, to what degree these natural biopolymers comprise functionally privileged chemical scaffolds for folding or the evolution of catalysis is not known. The ability of synthetic genetic polymers (XNAs) with alternative backbone chemistries not found in nature to fold into defined structures and bind ligands raises the possibility that these too might be capable of forming catalysts (XNAzymes). Here we report the discovery of such XNAzymes, elaborated in four different chemistries (ANA (arabino nucleic acids), FANA (2′-fluoroarabino nucleic acids), HNA (hexitol nucleic acids) and CeNA (cyclohexene nucleic acids) directly from random XNA oligomer pools, exhibiting in trans RNA endonuclease and ligase activities. We also describe an XNA-XNA ligase metalloenzyme in the FANA framework, establishing catalysis in an entirely synthetic system and enabling the synthesis of FANA oligomers and an active RNA endonuclease FANAzyme from its constituent parts. These results extend catalysis beyond biopolymers and establish technologies for the discovery of catalysts in a wide range of polymer scaffolds not found in nature. Evolution of catalysis independent of any natural polymer has implications for the definition of chemical boundary conditions for the emergence of life on earth and elsewhere in the universe.
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发表时间: 2013-04-02
影响因子: 11.1
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