Differential modeling of fragile X syndrome by human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.
Differential modeling of fragile X syndrome by human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.
复制标题
DOI:
10.1016/j.stem.2010.04.005
复制
发表时间:
2010-05-07
期刊:
影响因子:
23.9
通讯作者:
Benvenisty N
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Urbach A;Bar-Nur O;Daley GQ;Benvenisty N
In embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines generated from human embryos determined through preimplantation genetic diagnosis to carry the fragile X mutation, the FMR1 gene is expressed in undifferentiated cells but undergoes transcriptional silencing after ESC differentiation (Eiges et al., 2007). Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from fibroblasts of individuals carrying the fragile X mutation. Despite successful reprogramming of the somatic cells to pluripotency, the FMR1 gene remained inactive and carried DNA methylation and histone modifications indicative of inactive heterochromatin. These data highlight critical differences between ESCs and iPSCs in modeling fragile X disorder. Pluripotent stem cells are potentially an important tool to model human genetic disorders. Human embryonic stem cells can recapitulate early stages of human development, and they can also differentiate into cells from the three embryonic germ layers (Schuldiner et al., 2000; Thomson et al., 1998). Thus, human pluripotent stem cells can be used to analyze the effect of specific mutations on the differentiation of various cell types and on early developmental processes that are otherwise inaccessible for research. In the past few years, several diseases have been modeled in pluripotent stem cells, either by direct gene mutagenesis or by deriving ESCs from embryos determined by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to carry genetic mutation (Eiges et al., 2007; Urbach et al., 2004; reviewed in Lengerke and Daley, 2009). Recently, human pluripotent stem cells have been derived from somatic cells by introduction of defined factors (Lowry et al., 2008; Park et al., 2008c; Takahashi et al., 2007; Yu et al., 2007). These induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show remarkable similarity to human ESCs (Lowry et al., 2008; Park et al., 2008c; Takahashi et al., 2007; Yu et al., 2007). By reprogramming somatic cells from patients, one may isolate pluripotent cells that harbor disease-specific mutations (Park et al., 2008a). The reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent cells raised the question whether iPSCs will be able to replace human ESCs in basic research as well as in clinical applications (Belmonte et al., 2009). We are now in a unique position to compare disease phenotypes manifest in ESCs to those seen in iPSCs.Fragile X (FX) syndrome is the most common form of inherited mental retardation (Crawford et al., 2001; Rousseau et al., 1992). It is caused by the absence of expression of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene (O’Donnell and Warren, 2002). The vast majority of FX patients do not express FMR1 resulting from CGG triplet repeat expansion in the 50 untranslated region of the gene (Pearson et al., 2005; Verkerk et al., 1991). Full expansion of the CGG repeat usually coincides with hypermethylation of the repeat region and its upstream promoter (Oberle et al., 1991), and with chromatin modifications such as histone H3 tail deacetylation, histone H3K9 methylation, and histone H3K4 demethylation (Coffee et al., 1999). Until recently, early events in FMR1 silencing could not be characterized because of the lack of an appropriate animal model (Bontekoe et al., 1997;
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子:
64.5
作者:
Park IH;Arora N;Huo H;Maherali N;Ahfeldt T;Shimamura A;Lensch MW;Cowan C;Hochedlinger K;Daley GQ
通讯作者:
Daley GQ
影响因子:
56.9
作者:
OBERLE, I;ROUSSEAU, F;MANDEL, JL
通讯作者:
MANDEL, JL
影响因子:
64.8
作者:
Park, In-Hyun;Zhao, Rui;Daley, George Q.
通讯作者:
Daley, George Q.
影响因子:
23.9
作者:
Eiges, Rachel;Urbach, Achia;Ben-Yosef, Dalit
通讯作者:
Ben-Yosef, Dalit
影响因子:
14.8
作者:
Park, In-Hyun;Lerou, Paul H.;Daley, George Q.
通讯作者:
Daley, George Q.