Hesitation and Refusal Factors in Individuals' Decision-Making Processes Regarding a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination.
Hesitation and Refusal Factors in Individuals' Decision-Making Processes Regarding a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpubh.2021.626852
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
García LY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cerda AA;García LY
简介：考虑到2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的全球流行，正在开发一种疫苗来控制这种疾病，作为卫生措施的补充解决方案-在社会方面，比社交距离更好。鉴于最终将生产疫苗，将需要信息来支持可能开展的促进接种疫苗的运动。目的：本研究的目的是确定影响对COVID-19疫苗的拒绝和犹豫不决的可能性的变量，并确定疫苗在不同情况下的有效性和副作用的接受程度。材料与方法：基于健康信念模型的多项逻辑回归方法被用来估计目前的方法，使用在线匿名调查的370名受访者在智利获得的数据。结果如下：结果表明，49%的受访者愿意接种疫苗，28%的人未决定或77%的人可能愿意接种疫苗。解释拒绝或犹豫不决概率的主要变量与COVID-19的严重程度相关，例如疫苗的副作用和有效性;感知的益处，包括免疫力，减少对传染病的恐惧，以及保护自己和环境;行动信号，例如家人和政府的反应，可用信息和专家的建议;和易感性，包括每1,000名COVID-19居民和亲属的传染率等。我们对假设疫苗情景的分析表明，个人更喜欢风险较小的疫苗，因为副作用较少，而不是有效性。此外，解释对潜在的COVID-19疫苗犹豫不决或拒绝的变量可以用于设计公共卫生政策。结论：我们发现，有必要根据解释个人拒绝或对疫苗接种表示犹豫的可能性的因素，为反疫苗群体和犹豫不决的群体制定具体的、有区别的疫苗接种促进策略。
Introduction: Considering the global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a vaccine is being developed to control the disease as a complementary solution to hygiene measures—and better, in social terms, than social distancing. Given that a vaccine will eventually be produced, information will be needed to support a potential campaign to promote vaccination. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the variables affecting the likelihood of refusal and indecision toward a vaccine against COVID-19 and to determine the acceptance of the vaccine for different scenarios of effectiveness and side effects. Materials and Methods: A multinomial logistic regression method based on the Health Belief Model was used to estimate the current methodology, using data obtained by an online anonymous survey of 370 respondents in Chile. Results: The results indicate that 49% of respondents were willing to be vaccinated, with 28% undecided or 77% of individuals who would potentially be willing to be inoculated. The main variables that explained the probability of rejection or indecision were associated with the severity of COVID-19, such as, the side effects and effectiveness of the vaccine; perceived benefits, including immunity, decreased fear of contagion, and the protection of oneself and the environment; action signals, such as, responses from ones' family and the government, available information, and specialists' recommendations; and susceptibility, including the contagion rate per 1,000 inhabitants and relatives with COVID-19, among others. Our analysis of hypothetical vaccine scenarios revealed that individuals preferred less risky vaccines in terms of fewer side effects, rather than effectiveness. Additionally, the variables that explained the indecision toward or rejection of a potential COVID-19 vaccine could be used in designing public health policies. Conclusions: We discovered that it is necessary to formulate specific, differentiated vaccination-promotion strategies for the anti-vaccine and undecided groups based on the factors that explain the probability of individuals refusing or expressing hesitation toward vaccination.
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