Racial Segregation, Testing Site Access, and COVID-19 Incidence Rate in Massachusetts, USA.
Racial Segregation, Testing Site Access, and COVID-19 Incidence Rate in Massachusetts, USA.
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美国马萨诸塞州的种族隔离、检测点准入和 COVID-19 发病率。
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph17249528
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发表时间：
2020-12-19
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bao S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu T;Yue H;Wang C;She B;Ye X;Liu R;Zhu X;Guan WW;Bao S
美国的人口只占世界的4%，但却拥有全球25%的新冠肺炎病例。自从新冠肺炎在美国爆发以来，马萨诸塞州一直在新冠肺炎病例总数上领先于其他州。种族居住隔离是造成健康方面种族差异的根本原因。此外，获得医疗保健的差距对新冠肺炎病例有很大影响。因此，这项研究估计了马萨诸塞州考点准入方面的种族隔离和差异，并使用了马萨诸塞州城市/城镇层面的经济、人口和交通变量。运用空间回归模型分析新冠肺炎发病率与相关变量的关系。这是美国第一个将空间分析方法应用于社区以检验新冠肺炎发病率的研究。研究发现：(1)西班牙裔和非西班牙裔黑人/非裔美国人的居住隔离与新冠肺炎发病率呈显著正相关，表明少数族裔群体对新冠肺炎感染的易感性较高。(2)非西班牙裔黑人/非裔美国人到考点的驾车时间最短，其次是西班牙裔、非西班牙裔亚裔和非西班牙裔白人。驾车前往考点的时间与新冠肺炎发病率呈显著负相关，这意味着所有人群对考点可访问性的重要性。(3)贫困率和道路密度是显著的解释变量。重要的是，每个房间超过一个人的过度拥挤是一个重要的变量，被发现与新冠肺炎的发病率呈正相关，这表明社交距离对于减少感染是有效的。(4)与以往研究结果不同的是，由于马萨诸塞州老年人口较少分布在新冠肺炎感染的热点地区，老年人口比率与发病率在统计学上没有显著相关性。这项研究的发现为政策制定者提出新的战略来遏制马萨诸塞州的新冠肺炎传播提供了有用的见解。
The U.S. has merely 4% of the world population, but contains 25% of the world’s COVID-19 cases. Since the COVID-19 outbreak in the U.S., Massachusetts has been leading other states in the total number of COVID-19 cases. Racial residential segregation is a fundamental cause of racial disparities in health. Moreover, disparities of access to health care have a large impact on COVID-19 cases. Thus, this study estimates racial segregation and disparities in testing site access and employs economic, demographic, and transportation variables at the city/town level in Massachusetts. Spatial regression models are applied to evaluate the relationships between COVID-19 incidence rate and related variables. This is the first study to apply spatial analysis methods across neighborhoods in the U.S. to examine the COVID-19 incidence rate. The findings are: (1) Residential segregations of Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black/African Americans have a significantly positive association with COVID-19 incidence rate, indicating the higher susceptibility of COVID-19 infections among minority groups. (2) Non-Hispanic Black/African Americans have the shortest drive time to testing sites, followed by Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Asians, and Non-Hispanic Whites. The drive time to testing sites is significantly negatively associated with the COVID-19 incidence rate, implying the importance of the accessibility of testing sites by all populations. (3) Poverty rate and road density are significant explanatory variables. Importantly, overcrowding represented by more than one person per room is a significant variable found to be positively associated with COVID-19 incidence rate, suggesting the effectiveness of social distancing for reducing infection. (4) Different from the findings of previous studies, the elderly population rate is not statistically significantly correlated with the incidence rate because the elderly population in Massachusetts is less distributed in the hotspot regions of COVID-19 infections. The findings in this study provide useful insights for policymakers to propose new strategies to contain the COVID-19 transmissions in Massachusetts.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Chang, Virginia W.
通讯作者：
Chang, Virginia W.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Liu, Qian;Sha, Dexuan;Yang, Chaowei
通讯作者：
Yang, Chaowei
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
MASSEY, DS;DENTON, NA
通讯作者：
DENTON, NA
评估新加坡前100例COVID-19患者的监视和遏制措施的有效性 - 2020年1月29日至1月29日。
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm6911e1
发表时间：
2020-03-20
期刊：
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ng Y;Li Z;Chua YX;Chaw WL;Zhao Z;Er B;Pung R;Chiew CJ;Lye DC;Heng D;Lee VJ
通讯作者：
Lee VJ
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Huang, Rui;Zhu, Li;Wu, Chao
通讯作者：
Wu, Chao