Mammalian keratin associated proteins (KRTAPs) subgenomes: disentangling hair diversity and adaptation to terrestrial and aquatic environments.
Mammalian keratin associated proteins (KRTAPs) subgenomes: disentangling hair diversity and adaptation to terrestrial and aquatic environments.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-15-779
复制
发表时间：
2014-09-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Antunes A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khan I;Maldonado E;Vasconcelos V;O'Brien SJ;Johnson WE;Antunes A
独特的脊椎动物体毛特征促进了哺乳动物对陆地生活的适应，体毛以一系列形态模式出现。角蛋白相关蛋白（KRTAPs）是毛干的主要结构蛋白，在很大程度上负责头发的变异。我们详尽的特点KRTAP基因家族在22个哺乳动物基因组中，确认存在30 KRTAP亚家族以不同的速度发展，不同程度的多样化和同质化。在两大类KRTAP中，高半胱氨酸（HS）亚家族经历了强烈的协同进化，高基因转换/重组率和高GC含量。相比之下，高甘氨酸-酪氨酸（HGT）KRTAP显示出阳性选择和低基因转换/重组率的证据。具有更多毛发和更高复杂性的物种倾向于具有更多的KRATP基因（基因扩增）。树懒有着长而粗糙的毛发，拥有最多的KRTAP基因（175个，其中141个是完整的）。相比之下，“无毛”海豚有35个KRTAP和最高的假基因化率（74%相对于19%的哺乳动物平均水平）。独特的毛发相关表型，如鳞片（犰狳）和刺（刺猬），与KRTAPs的变化相关。基因表达变异可能也会影响毛发的多样化模式，例如人类与猿类具有相同的KRTAP库，但毛发少得多。我们假设，KRTAP基因库和基因表达的差异，以及不同的基因转换/重组，假基因化和阳性选择率，可能是负责微观和宏观表型的头发多样性哺乳动物之间的适应生态压力。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/1471-2164-15-779）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Adaptation of mammals to terrestrial life was facilitated by the unique vertebrate trait of body hair, which occurs in a range of morphological patterns. Keratin associated proteins (KRTAPs), the major structural hair shaft proteins, are largely responsible for hair variation. We exhaustively characterized the KRTAP gene family in 22 mammalian genomes, confirming the existence of 30 KRTAP subfamilies evolving at different rates with varying degrees of diversification and homogenization. Within the two major classes of KRTAPs, the high cysteine (HS) subfamily experienced strong concerted evolution, high rates of gene conversion/recombination and high GC content. In contrast, high glycine-tyrosine (HGT) KRTAPs showed evidence of positive selection and low rates of gene conversion/recombination. Species with more hair and of higher complexity tended to have more KRATP genes (gene expansion). The sloth, with long and coarse hair, had the most KRTAP genes (175 with 141 being intact). By contrast, the “hairless” dolphin had 35 KRTAPs and the highest pseudogenization rate (74% relative to the 19% mammalian average). Unique hair-related phenotypes, such as scales (armadillo) and spines (hedgehog), were correlated with changes in KRTAPs. Gene expression variation probably also influences hair diversification patterns, for example human have an identical KRTAP repertoire as apes, but much less hair. We hypothesize that differences in KRTAP gene repertoire and gene expression, together with distinct rates of gene conversion/recombination, pseudogenization and positive selection, are likely responsible for micro and macro-phenotypic hair diversification among mammals in response to adaptations to ecological pressures. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-779) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Gong, Hua;Zhou, Huitong;Hickford, Jon G. H.
通讯作者：
Hickford, Jon G. H.
影响因子：
7
作者：
George, Renee D.;McVicker, Graham;Thomas, James H.
通讯作者：
Thomas, James H.
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Escobar, Juan S.;Glemin, Sylvain;Galtier, Nicolas
通讯作者：
Galtier, Nicolas
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Alibardi, Lorenzo;Jaeger, Karin;Eckhart, Leopold
通讯作者：
Eckhart, Leopold
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Bahuguna, A;Mukherjee, SK
通讯作者：
Mukherjee, SK