Humans as long-distance dispersers of rural plant communities.
Humans as long-distance dispersers of rural plant communities.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0062763
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Cousins SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Auffret AG;Cousins SA
人类以其远距离传播生物体的能力而闻名。长距离扩散对于受栖息地破坏威胁的物种来说可能很重要，但对人类介导的扩散的研究往往集中在少数和/或入侵物种上。在这里，我们使用公民科学，以确定人类的能力，从一个已知的物种池在一个有价值的栖息地，分散在他们的衣服和鞋类的种子，允许的分数和类型的评估，由人类分散在一个替代的情况下。我们从志愿者那里收集材料，他们在瑞典各地砍伐了48个物种丰富的草地。我们统计了197种24354粒种子，占现有物种库的34%，包括几种珍稀保护物种。然而，71种（36%）被认为是世界其他地方的入侵物种。性状分析表明，带有钩或其他附属物的种子更容易被人类传播，以及那些具有持久种子库的种子。更多的活动在草甸导致更多的分散，无论是在物种和代表性的源社区。平均潜在扩散距离为13公里。我们认为人类是有能力的种子传播者，就像牲畜等更传统的媒介一样，传播了他们活跃的植物群落的很大一部分。当农村人口较多时，人们可能是定期和有效的种子传播者，而导致景观中人类减少的农村-城市净迁移可能加剧了今天植物种群下降中明显的传播失败。随着生境的破碎化和农业变化导致的土地利用的变化，以及人类在世界范围内的流动性增加，人类的传播作用可能已经从常规的本地和景观传播的提供者转变为更罕见的远距离和区域传播以及国际入侵的提供者。
Humans are known for their capacity to disperse organisms long distances. Long-distance dispersal can be important for species threatened by habitat destruction, but research into human-mediated dispersal is often focused upon few and/or invasive species. Here we use citizen science to identify the capacity for humans to disperse seeds on their clothes and footwear from a known species pool in a valuable habitat, allowing for an assessment of the fraction and types of species dispersed by humans in an alternative context. We collected material from volunteers cutting 48 species-rich meadows throughout Sweden. We counted 24 354 seeds of 197 species, representing 34% of the available species pool, including several rare and protected species. However, 71 species (36%) are considered invasive elsewhere in the world. Trait analysis showed that seeds with hooks or other appendages were more likely to be dispersed by humans, as well as those with a persistent seed bank. More activity in a meadow resulted in more dispersal, both in terms of species and representation of the source communities. Average potential dispersal distances were measured at 13 km. We consider humans capable seed dispersers, transporting a significant proportion of the plant communities in which they are active, just like more traditional vectors such as livestock. When rural populations were larger, people might have been regular and effective seed dispersers, and the net rural-urban migration resulting in a reduction in humans in the landscape may have exacerbated the dispersal failure evident in declining plant populations today. With the fragmentation of habitat and changes in land use resulting from agricultural change, and the increased mobility of humans worldwide, the dispersal role of humans may have shifted from providers of regular local and landscape dispersal to providers of much rarer long-distance and regional dispersal, and international invasion.
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Cousins, SAO
通讯作者：
Cousins, SAO
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Kleyer, M.;Bekker, R. M.;Peco, B.
通讯作者：
Peco, B.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Auffret, Alistair G.
通讯作者：
Auffret, Alistair G.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Auffret, Alistair G.;Schmucki, Reto;Cousins, Sara A. O.
通讯作者：
Cousins, Sara A. O.
影响因子：
8.7
作者：
Mount, Ann;Pickering, Catherine Marina
通讯作者：
Pickering, Catherine Marina