Potential functional roles of DNA demethylation intermediates.

Potential functional roles of DNA demethylation intermediates.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tibs.2013.07.003
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发表时间:
2013-10
影响因子:
13.8
通讯作者:
He, Chuan
He, Chuan
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Song, Chun-Xiao;He, Chuan

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5-甲基胞嘧啶(5 mC)形式的DNA甲基化是哺乳动物中关键的表观遗传调节因子,甲基化和去甲基化之间的动态平衡影响从发育到疾病的各种过程。最近发现,在哺乳动物细胞中,5 mC的氧化衍生物,即5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5 hmC),5-甲酰胞嘧啶(5 fC)和5-羧基胞嘧啶(5caC)的酶促生成和去除导致了我们对去甲基化过程的理解的范式转变。有趣的是,新出现的证据表明,这些DNA去甲基化中间体是动态的,本身可能具有调节功能。在这里,我们讨论5 hmC,5 fC和5caC作为新的表观遗传DNA修饰,可能有不同的调节功能,与潜在的蛋白质合作伙伴。
DNA methylation in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is a key epigenetic regulator in mammals, and the dynamic balance between methylation and demethylation impacts various processes from development to disease. The recent discovery of the enzymatic generation and removal of the oxidized derivatives of 5mC, namely 5-hydroxymethylcysotine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) in mammalian cells has led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of the demethylation process. Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that these DNA demethylation intermediates are dynamic and could themselves carry regulatory functions. Here, we discuss 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC as new epigenetic DNA modifications that could have distinct regulatory functions in conjunction with potential protein partners.
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