Cadmium blood and urine concentrations as measures of exposure: NHANES 1999-2010.
Cadmium blood and urine concentrations as measures of exposure: NHANES 1999-2010.
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DOI：
10.1038/jes.2013.55
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发表时间：
2014-03
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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镉是一种存在于香烟中的重金属，接触镉可以通过尿液和血液进行评估。很少有研究比较尿镉（uCd）和血镉（bCd）同时测量的特性与已知暴露的持续时间和时间的关系。在本研究中，bCd和uCd采用1999-2010年国家健康和营养检查调查的数据建模。根据回归结果估计调整后的几何平均bCd和uCd。几何平均uCd每升高1%，bCd升高0.50% （95% CI: 0.47%-0.54%; R2=0.30）。在从不吸烟的男性中，≥70岁的bCd比20 - 29岁高69% (59%-81%)，uCd比20 - 29岁高200%（166%-234%）。吸烟10包年（py）与男性吸烟者bCd升高13.7%（10.0%-17.4%）和uCd升高16.8%（12.6%-21.1%）相关。在吸烟20年的55岁男性中，戒烟后第一年bCd降低53% (48%-58%)，uCd降低23%（14%-33%）。前5天吸烟与55%（40%-71%）的bCd升高和7%（- 3%-18%）的uCd升高相关。女性的结果也类似。uCd主要测量长期接触和bCd最近接触，但有明显的重叠。流行病学研究应根据与所研究疾病相关的镉暴露时间选择低镉镉或低镉镉。
Exposure to cadmium, a heavy metal present in cigarettes, can be assessed in both urine and blood. Few studies have compared the properties of concurrent measurements of urine cadmium (uCd) and blood cadmium (bCd) in relation to the duration and timing of a known exposure. In this study, bCd and uCd were modeled with data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2010). Adjusted geometric mean bCd and uCd were estimated from regression results. Each 1% higher geometric mean uCd was associated with 0.50% (95% CI: 0.47%–0.54%; R2=0.30) higher bCd. In male never-smokers, bCd was 69% (59%–81%) and uCd was 200%(166%–234%) higher at age ≥70y versus 20–29y. Ten pack-years (py) of smoking were associated with 13.7%(10.0%–17.4%) higher bCd and 16.8% (12.6%–21.1%) higher uCd in male smokers. The first year after smoking cessation was associated with 53% (48%–58%) lower bCd and 23%(14%–33%) lower uCd in representative males age 55y with 20py smoking. Smoking in the previous 5 days was associated with 55%(40%–71%) higher bCd and 7%(−3%–18%) higher uCd. Results were similar for women. uCd mainly measures long-term exposure and bCd recent exposure, but with noticeable overlap. Epidemiological studies should base the choice of uCd or bCd on the timing of cadmium exposure relevant to the disease under study.
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jes.7500554
发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Egan, Sara Kathleen;Bolger, Philip Michael;Carrington, Clark Dewitt
通讯作者：
Carrington, Clark Dewitt
DOI：
10.1080/009841099158123
发表时间：
1999-02-12
期刊：
JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A
影响因子：
--
作者：
Benedetti, JL;Samuel, O;Gingras, S
通讯作者：
Gingras, S
DOI：
10.1007/s00420-002-0415-4
发表时间：
2003-05-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
Moon, CS;Paik, JM;Ikeda, M
通讯作者：
Ikeda, M
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
KJELLSTROM, T
通讯作者：
KJELLSTROM, T
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Mason, HJ;Williams, N;Morgan, WD
通讯作者：
Morgan, WD