The movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes.
The movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-017-04503-0
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发表时间：
2017-07-14
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Reynolds AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wainwright CE;Stepanian PM;Reynolds DR;Reynolds AM
在晴朗温暖的天气里，陆地上空的日间对流大气中充满了小型的迁徙昆虫，其中既有严重的害虫（如某些蚜虫），也有许多有益的物种（如害虫的天敌）。多年来，密集的空中捕集研究是确定这些小昆虫密度分布的唯一方法，对于分类群的研究，捕集仍然是必要的。然而，如果我们希望确定小型日间迁徙昆虫对空气运动的一般行为反应，那么毫米波长“云雷达”和多普勒激光雷达的组合现在提供了几乎理想的仪器。在这里，我们研究了在美国俄克拉何马州的记录地点，当一连串的晴朗天气对流细胞经过时，相对于它们所飞行的空气的垂直运动，bb100万个昆虫目标的净垂直速度。由此产生的速度测量结果是根据小昆虫的飞行行为来解释的。这些行为是由一个新建立的拉格朗日随机模型来解释的，该模型描述了昆虫在对流边界层中的弱飞行运动；该模型符合小型昆虫空中密度曲线的经典特征。因此，我们将模式与过程联系起来。
In fine warm weather, the daytime convective atmosphere over land areas is full of small migrant insects, among them serious pests (e.g. some species of aphid), but also many beneficial species (e.g. natural enemies of pests). For many years intensive aerial trapping studies were the only way of determining the density profiles of these small insects, and for taxon-specific studies trapping is still necessary. However, if we wish to determine generic behavioural responses to air movements shown by small day-migrating insects as a whole, the combination of millimetre-wavelength ‘cloud radars’ and Doppler lidar now provides virtually ideal instrumentation. Here we examine the net vertical velocities of > 1 million insect targets, relative to the vertical motion of the air in which they are flying, as a succession of fair-weather convective cells pass over the recording site in Oklahoma, USA. The resulting velocity measurements are interpreted in terms of the flight behaviours of small insects. These behaviours are accounted for by a newly-developed Lagrangian stochastic model of weakly-flying insect movements in the convective boundary layer; a model which is consistent with classic characterisations of small insect aerial density profiles. We thereby link patterns to processes.
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