Is the relationship between the built environment and physical activity moderated by perceptions of crime and safety?
Is the relationship between the built environment and physical activity moderated by perceptions of crime and safety?
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DOI：
10.1186/1479-5868-11-24
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发表时间：
2014-02-24
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
King AC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bracy NL;Millstein RA;Carlson JA;Conway TL;Sallis JF;Saelens BE;Kerr J;Cain KL;Frank LD;King AC
在文献中，安全问题和体力活动之间的直接关系并不一致。为了梳理出这些关系，犯罪，行人和交通安全进行了检查，作为主持人的建筑环境协会与体力活动。探索性分析使用了两项横断面研究，其中包括2068名年龄在20-65岁之间的成年人和718名年龄在66岁以上的老年人，设计和测量方法相似。这些研究是在2001-2005年（成人）和2005-2008年（老年人）期间在巴尔的摩、马里兰-华盛顿和西雅图-金郡、华盛顿地区进行的。参与者是从高收入和低收入以及步行能力的地区招募的。独立变量感知犯罪，交通和行人安全进行了测量，使用的尺度从验证的工具。一个基于GIS的步行指数计算周围的每个参与者的家庭地址的街道网络缓冲区。结果是使用加速度计测量的总体力活动和使用经验证的自我报告（IPAQ-long）测量的交通和休闲步行。对每个样本分别进行混合效应回归模型。在两项研究中评估的36种相互作用中，只有5种是显著的（p <0.05）。当安全性被评为高且环境有利时，显著的相互作用并不始终支持最高体力活动的模式。没有一致的证据表明安全问题会减少有利环境对身体活动的有益影响。只有行人安全显示出与身体活动结果一致的主要影响的证据，可能是因为行人安全项目（例如，人行横道，人行道）不像犯罪和交通安全量表上的那样主观。犯罪、行人和交通安全与身体活动水平之间的明确关系仍然难以捉摸。发展更精确的安全变量和使用特定的社区体力活动的结果可能有助于阐明这些关系。
Direct relationships between safety concerns and physical activity have been inconsistently patterned in the literature. To tease out these relationships, crime, pedestrian, and traffic safety were examined as moderators of built environment associations with physical activity. Exploratory analyses used two cross-sectional studies of 2068 adults ages 20–65 and 718 seniors ages 66+ with similar designs and measures. The studies were conducted in the Baltimore, Maryland-Washington, DC and Seattle-King County, Washington regions during 2001–2005 (adults) and 2005–2008 (seniors). Participants were recruited from areas selected to sample high- and low- income and walkability. Independent variables perceived crime, traffic, and pedestrian safety were measured using scales from validated instruments. A GIS-based walkability index was calculated for a street-network buffer around each participant’s home address. Outcomes were total physical activity measured using accelerometers and transportation and leisure walking measured with validated self-reports (IPAQ-long). Mixed effects regression models were conducted separately for each sample. Of 36 interactions evaluated across both studies, only 5 were significant (p < .05). Significant interactions did not consistently support a pattern of highest physical activity when safety was rated high and environments were favorable. There was not consistent evidence that safety concerns reduced the beneficial effects of favorable environments on physical activity. Only pedestrian safety showed evidence of a consistent main effect with physical activity outcomes, possibly because pedestrian safety items (e.g., crosswalks, sidewalks) were not as subjective as those on the crime and traffic safety scales. Clear relationships between crime, pedestrian, and traffic safety with physical activity levels remain elusive. The development of more precise safety variables and the use of neighborhood-specific physical activity outcomes may help to elucidate these relationships.
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DOI：
10.1097/00005768-199805000-00021
发表时间：
1998-05-01
期刊：
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Freedson, PS;Melanson, E;Sirard, J
通讯作者：
Sirard, J
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Abercrombie, Lauren C.;Sallis, James F.;Chapman, James E.
通讯作者：
Chapman, James E.
影响因子：
105.7
作者：
DiGuiseppi, C;Roberts, I;Allen, D
通讯作者：
Allen, D
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Lim, K;Taylor, L
通讯作者：
Taylor, L
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
LINDQUIST, JH;DUKE, JM
通讯作者：
DUKE, JM