The impact of logging on vertical canopy structure across a gradient of tropical forest degradation intensity in Borneo
The impact of logging on vertical canopy structure across a gradient of tropical forest degradation intensity in Borneo
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婆罗洲热带森林退化强度梯度伐木对垂直冠层结构的影响
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13895
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Milodowski D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Milodowski D
伐木造成的森林退化在世界各地的热带森林中普遍存在，导致三维树冠结构的变化，对野生动物、小气候和生态系统功能产生深远影响。量化这些结构变化对于理解退化的影响至关重要，但在密集、结构复杂的森林冠层中具有挑战性。我们在马来西亚婆罗洲的沙巴利用离散返回机载LiDAR调查，评估了选择性伐木对冠层结构的影响（植物面积指数，派及其在冠层内的垂直分布）。LiDAR产品与独立的，在森林样地进行详细的地面调查，产生树冠结构的模拟模型，展示了机载激光雷达在景观尺度上量化森林退化的结构影响的潜力，即使是在世界上最高和结构最复杂的热带森林中，整个样地网络的植物面积指数估计值与茎断面积表现出很强的线性关系（R2= 0.95）。经过至少11-14年的恢复，中度采伐地块的派比原始森林地块低28%，重度采伐地块低52%。派的这些减少与几乎完全缺乏>30米高的树木有关，这并没有通过增加树冠下部的植物面积来完全补偿。这种结构性变化导致林冠环境的多样性显著减少，古老森林特有的深层、黑暗的林下条件在伐木场中远不常见。冠层完全恢复可能需要几十年的时间。综合与应用。有效管理和恢复热带森林需要对森林及其环境进行详细监测。我们证明，机载激光雷达可以有效地绘制婆罗洲复杂热带森林的树冠结构，捕捉景观尺度上退化对树冠结构的三维影响，从而促进恢复和保护这些生态系统的努力。
Forest degradation through logging is pervasive throughout the world's tropical forests, leading to changes in the three‐dimensional canopy structure that have profound consequences for wildlife, microclimate and ecosystem functioning. Quantifying these structural changes is fundamental to understanding the impact of degradation, but is challenging in dense, structurally complex forest canopies.We exploited discrete‐return airborne LiDAR surveys across a gradient of logging intensity in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, and assessed how selective logging had affected canopy structure (Plant Area Index, PAI, and its vertical distribution within the canopy).LiDAR products compared well to independent, analogue models of canopy structure produced from detailed ground‐based inventories undertaken in forest plots, demonstrating the potential for airborne LiDAR to quantify the structural impacts of forest degradation at landscape scale, even in some of the world's tallest and most structurally complex tropical forests.Plant Area Index estimates across the plot network exhibited a strong linear relationship with stem basal area (R2= 0.95). After at least 11–14 years of recovery, PAI was ~28% lower in moderately logged plots and ~52% lower in heavily logged plots than that in old‐growth forest plots. These reductions in PAI were associated with near‐complete lack of trees >30‐m tall, which had not been fully compensated for by increasing plant area lower in the canopy. This structural change drives a marked reduction in the diversity of canopy environments, with the deep, dark understorey conditions characteristic of old‐growth forests far less prevalent in logged sites. Full canopy recovery is likely to take decades.Synthesis and applications. Effective management and restoration of tropical forests requires detailed monitoring of the forest and its environment. We demonstrate that airborne LiDAR can effectively map the canopy architecture of the complex tropical forests of Borneo, capturing the three‐dimensional impact of degradation on canopy structure at landscape scales, therefore facilitating efforts to restore and conserve these ecosystems.
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影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Kohyama, T;Suzuki, E;Kubo, T
通讯作者：
Kubo, T
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Asner, Gregory P.;Brodrick, Philip G.;Coomes, David A.
通讯作者：
Coomes, David A.
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Kabakoff, RP;Chazdon, RL
通讯作者：
Chazdon, RL
通过垂直测量测量树叶轮廓
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
R. Macarthur;H. S. Horn
通讯作者：
H. S. Horn
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
CANNON, CH;PEART, DR;KARTAWINATA, K
通讯作者：
KARTAWINATA, K