Biology of portal hypertension.

Biology of portal hypertension.
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门户高血压的生物学。

DOI:
10.1007/s12072-017-9826-x
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发表时间:
2018-03
影响因子:
6.6
通讯作者:
Iwakiri Y
Iwakiri Y
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
McConnell M;Iwakiri Y

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肝内血管阻力增加导致门静脉高压症的发生,而肝内血管阻力增加通常由慢性肝病引起,慢性肝病导致肝纤维化、微血管血栓形成、肝窦内皮细胞(LSEC)功能障碍和肝星状细胞(HSC)活化导致结构扭曲。虽然LSEC和HSC失调的基本机制已被广泛研究,但微血管血栓形成和血小板功能在门静脉高压症发病机制中的作用仍有待明确。作为继发性事件,门静脉高压导致内脏和全身动脉血管舒张,导致高动力循环综合征的发展,并随后导致临床破坏性并发症,包括胃食管静脉曲张和静脉曲张出血、由门体分流形成的肝性脑病、腹水和由肝肾综合征引起的肾衰竭。这篇评论文章讨论:(1)窦状门静脉高压的机制,重点是HSC和LSEC生物学、病理性血管生成以及微血管血栓形成和血小板的作用,(2)门静脉高压中的肠系膜血管系统,以及(3)门静脉高压中血管生物学研究的未来方向。
Portal hypertension develops as a result of increased intrahepatic vascular resistance often caused by chronic liver disease that leads to structural distortion by fibrosis, microvascular thrombosis, dysfunction of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. While the basic mechanisms of LSEC and HSC dysregulation have been extensively studied, the role of microvascular thrombosis and platelet function in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension remains to be clearly characterized. As a secondary event, portal hypertension results in splanchnic and systemic arterial vasodilation, leading to the development of a hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome and subsequently to clinically devastating complications including gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy from the formation of portosystemic shunts, ascites, and renal failure due to the hepatorenal syndrome. This review article discusses: (1) mechanisms of sinusoidal portal hypertension, focusing on HSC and LSEC biology, pathological angiogenesis, and the role of microvascular thrombosis and platelets, (2) the mesenteric vasculature in portal hypertension, and (3) future directions for vascular biology research in portal hypertension.
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