Cancer Vaccines: Toward the Next Breakthrough in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Cancer Vaccines: Toward the Next Breakthrough in Cancer Immunotherapy.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1155/2020/5825401
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Sasada T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Igarashi Y;Sasada T
到目前为止，已经开发了三种类型的公认的癌症治疗，即，手术、化疗和放疗;这些方法要么去除癌细胞，要么直接攻击癌细胞。这些治疗可以在早期阶段治愈癌症，但对于治疗晚期或复发阶段的癌症通常无效。肿瘤微环境由癌细胞、间质细胞和免疫细胞组成，对肿瘤微环境的基础和临床研究证明了抗肿瘤免疫在癌症发生和发展中的关键作用。癌症免疫疗法被认为是第四种癌症治疗方法。特别是，免疫检查点抑制剂（如抗CTLA-4和抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体）在各种癌症类型中的临床应用代表了癌症治疗的重大突破。然而，关于免疫检查点抑制剂的累积数据表明，这些抑制剂并不总是有效的，而是仅在有限的癌症人群中有效。事实上，仍有几个问题有待解决，以提高其临床疗效;这些问题包括癌细胞抗原性低和免疫细胞在癌症微环境中的浸润和/或积累差。因此，为了促进癌症免疫治疗的进一步发展，需要进行更多的研究。本文就肿瘤免疫治疗，特别是肿瘤疫苗的研究现状进行综述，并探讨肿瘤免疫治疗下一步突破所面临的问题和解决方案。
Until now, three types of well-recognized cancer treatments have been developed, i.e., surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy; these either remove or directly attack the cancer cells. These treatments can cure cancer at earlier stages but are frequently ineffective for treating cancer in the advanced or recurrent stages. Basic and clinical research on the tumor microenvironment, which consists of cancerous, stromal, and immune cells, demonstrates the critical role of antitumor immunity in cancer development and progression. Cancer immunotherapies have been proposed as the fourth cancer treatment. In particular, clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, in various cancer types represents a major breakthrough in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, accumulating data regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate that these are not always effective but are instead only effective in limited cancer populations. Indeed, several issues remain to be solved to improve their clinical efficacy; these include low cancer cell antigenicity and poor infiltration and/or accumulation of immune cells in the cancer microenvironment. Therefore, to accelerate the further development of cancer immunotherapies, more studies are necessary. In this review, we will summarize the current status of cancer immunotherapies, especially cancer vaccines, and discuss the potential problems and solutions for the next breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy.
登录
查看更多内容
T细胞共刺激和共抑制的分子机制。
DOI：
10.1038/nri3405
发表时间：
2013-04
期刊：
Nature reviews. Immunology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
11.5
作者：
Besser, Michal J.;Shapira-Frommer, Ronnie;Schachter, Jacob
通讯作者：
Schachter, Jacob
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Bijker, Martijn S.;van den Eeden, Susan J. F.;van der Burg, Sjoerd H.
通讯作者：
van der Burg, Sjoerd H.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Bijker, Martijn S.;van den Eeden, Susan J. E.;Offringa, Rienk
通讯作者：
Offringa, Rienk
影响因子：
9
作者：
Coley, W B
通讯作者：
Coley, W B