Green space and stress: evidence from cortisol measures in deprived urban communities.
Green space and stress: evidence from cortisol measures in deprived urban communities.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph10094086
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发表时间：
2013-09-02
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Clow A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roe JJ;Thompson CW;Aspinall PA;Brewer MJ;Duff EI;Miller D;Mitchell R;Clow A
接触环境中的绿地与心理健康益处有关，但支持这种联系的机制尚不清楚。这项研究扩展了早先的一项探索性研究，该研究表明，苏格兰贫困的城市社区中更多的绿地与较低的感知压力水平和改善的生理压力有关，这是通过皮质醇分泌的昼夜模式来衡量的。连续两个工作日在清醒后3、6和9h测量唾液皮质醇浓度，并测量感觉到的压力。参与者(n=106)是年龄在35-55岁之间的没有工作的男性和女性，他们居住在社会贫困地区，来自与先前研究相同的苏格兰、英国、城市背景。线性回归分析的结果显示，较高的绿地水平与压力水平之间存在显著的负相关关系，这表明生活在绿地比例较高的地区与较低的压力相关，这证实了早期的研究结果。这项研究进一步扩展了这一发现，显示了绿地水平在压力模式上的显著性别差异，绿地较低地区的女性表现出更高的压力水平。性别和绿地百分比对平均皮质醇浓度的显著交互作用表明，在女性中，较高的绿地相对于皮质醇测量具有积极的影响，但在男性中没有。社区绿地水平越高，女性的平均皮质醇水平越健康，而男性的皮质醇水平也越高。我们的结论是，居民区绿地水平较高，对于没有工作的中年男女这一贫困的城市人口来说，与较低的感知压力和(更健康的)每日皮质醇下降有关。然而，男性和女性皮质醇分泌的总体模式和水平与社区绿地存在差异，值得进一步研究。
Contact with green space in the environment has been associated with mental health benefits, but the mechanism underpinning this association is not clear. This study extends an earlier exploratory study showing that more green space in deprived urban neighbourhoods in Scotland is linked to lower levels of perceived stress and improved physiological stress as measured by diurnal patterns of cortisol secretion. Salivary cortisol concentrations were measured at 3, 6 and 9 h post awakening over two consecutive weekdays, together with measures of perceived stress. Participants (n = 106) were men and women not in work aged between 35–55 years, resident in socially disadvantaged districts from the same Scottish, UK, urban context as the earlier study. Results from linear regression analyses showed a significant and negative relationship between higher green space levels and stress levels, indicating living in areas with a higher percentage of green space is associated with lower stress, confirming the earlier study findings. This study further extends the findings by showing significant gender differences in stress patterns by levels of green space, with women in lower green space areas showing higher levels of stress. A significant interaction effect between gender and percentage green space on mean cortisol concentrations showed a positive effect of higher green space in relation to cortisol measures in women, but not in men. Higher levels of neighbourhood green space were associated with healthier mean cortisol levels in women whilst also attenuating higher cortisol levels in men. We conclude that higher levels of green space in residential neighbourhoods, for this deprived urban population of middle-aged men and women not in work, are linked with lower perceived stress and a steeper (healthier) diurnal cortisol decline. However, overall patterns and levels of cortisol secretion in men and women were differentially related to neighbourhood green space and warrant further investigation.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
COHEN, S;KAMARCK, T;MERMELSTEIN, R
通讯作者：
MERMELSTEIN, R
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
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18.4
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作者：
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作者：
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