Evolution, development, and plasticity of the human brain: from molecules to bones.
Evolution, development, and plasticity of the human brain: from molecules to bones.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00707
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发表时间：
2013-10-30
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Semendeferi K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hrvoj-Mihic B;Bienvenu T;Stefanacci L;Muotri AR;Semendeferi K
神经解剖学，分子学和古生物学的证据在人类大脑进化的光检查。现存人类的大脑与其他灵长类动物的大脑在总体大小和结构上存在差异，在涉及复杂认知和社会情感处理的特定皮层区域和皮层下结构的大小和组织上也存在差异。人类大脑还具有功能侧化的特征，这反映了人类大脑半球针对不同类型的处理的专门化，促进了大脑中神经细胞之间快速可靠的交流。在成人大脑中观察到的特征反映了人类大脑发育的特定模式。与其他灵长类动物的大脑相比，人类的大脑需要更长的时间来成熟，从而促进了皮层微回路的建立及其修改的延长。总之，这些特征可能构成了生存所必需的长时间学习和获得技术和社交技能的基础，创造了我们物种特有的独特认知和行为生态位。神经解剖学的发现与分子分析一致，表明在不同功能中涉及的基因表达有异时性的趋势。这些包括人类的突触发生、神经元成熟和可塑性、与神经突生长和可塑性有关的基因突变，以及调节机制的作用增加，这些机制可能促进神经元形态的快速改变，以响应新的计算需求。与此同时，古人类化石的颅腔模型提供了对进化过程中人类独特特征出现时间的洞察。最后，我们提出了几种结合比较神经解剖学、分子生物学和从化石模型中获得的见解在未来研究中的方法。
Neuroanatomical, molecular, and paleontological evidence is examined in light of human brain evolution. The brain of extant humans differs from the brains of other primates in its overall size and organization, and differences in size and organization of specific cortical areas and subcortical structures implicated into complex cognition and social and emotional processing. The human brain is also characterized by functional lateralizations, reflecting specializations of the cerebral hemispheres in humans for different types of processing, facilitating fast and reliable communication between neural cells in an enlarged brain. The features observed in the adult brain reflect human-specific patterns of brain development. Compared to the brains of other primates, the human brain takes longer to mature, promoting an extended period for establishing cortical microcircuitry and its modifications. Together, these features may underlie the prolonged period of learning and acquisition of technical and social skills necessary for survival, creating a unique cognitive and behavioral niche typical of our species. The neuroanatomical findings are in concordance with molecular analyses, which suggest a trend toward heterochrony in the expression of genes implicated in different functions. These include synaptogenesis, neuronal maturation, and plasticity in humans, mutations in genes implicated in neurite outgrowth and plasticity, and an increased role of regulatory mechanisms, potentially promoting fast modification of neuronal morphologies in response to new computational demands. At the same time, endocranial casts of fossil hominins provide an insight into the timing of the emergence of uniquely human features in the course of evolution. We conclude by proposing several ways of combining comparative neuroanatomy, molecular biology and insights gained from fossil endocasts in future research.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Balzeau A;Gilissen E;Grimaud-Hervé D
通讯作者：
Grimaud-Hervé D
影响因子：
--
作者：
Broadfield, DC;Holloway, RL;Márquez, S
通讯作者：
Márquez, S
DOI：
10.1002/cne.23118
发表时间：
2012-09-01
期刊：
The Journal of comparative neurology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Barger N;Stefanacci L;Schumann CM;Sherwood CC;Annese J;Allman JM;Buckwalter JA;Hof PR;Semendeferi K
通讯作者：
Semendeferi K
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
BRAAK, H;BRAAK, E
通讯作者：
BRAAK, E
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.86.11.4297
发表时间：
1989-06-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
BOURGEOIS, JP;JASTREBOFF, PJ;RAKIC, P
通讯作者：
RAKIC, P