Modeling for Understanding v. Modeling for Numbers

Modeling for Understanding v. Modeling for Numbers
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理解建模与数字建模

DOI:
10.1007/s10021-016-0067-y
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Rastetter, Edward B.
Rastetter, Edward B.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rastetter, Edward B.

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我在“为数字建模”和“为理解建模”之间做了区分,前者旨在解决“多少”、“何时”和“何地”的问题,后者旨在解决“如何”和“为什么”的问题。数字模型通常是经验性的,只要它们经过很好的校准,并且在校准数据的范围内进行预测,就可以比它们的机械类似物更准确。为了在可用的系统级数据领域之外进行推断,for-numbers模型应该是机械性的,依赖于校准系统组件的能力,即使不可能校准到系统本身。然而,可靠的机械模型的开发依赖于对系统的充分理解。使用用于理解的建模方法可以最好地促进这种理解。为了解决“如何”和“为什么”的问题,“理解模型”必须是机械的。这些易于理解的模型中最好的是专注于特定的问题,剥离了无关的细节,并且非常简单。一旦很好地理解了机制,就可以决定是否值得将机制合并到for-numbers模型中,从而增加复杂性和与估计额外模型参数相关的不确定性。
I draw a distinction betweenModeling for Numbers, which aims to address how much, when, and where questions, andModeling for Understanding, which aims to address how and why questions. For-numbers models are often empirical, which can be more accurate than their mechanistic analogues as long as they are well calibrated and predictions are made within the domain of the calibration data. To extrapolate beyond the domain of available system-level data, for-numbers models should be mechanistic, relying on the ability to calibrate to the system components even if it is not possible to calibrate to the system itself. However, development of a mechanistic model that is reliable depends on an adequate understanding of the system. This understanding is best advanced using a for-understanding modeling approach. To address how and why questions, for-understanding models have to be mechanistic. The best of these for-understanding models are focused on specific questions, stripped of extraneous detail, and elegantly simple. Once the mechanisms are well understood, one can then decide if the benefits of incorporating the mechanism in a for-numbers model is worth the added complexity and the uncertainty associated with estimating the additional model parameters.
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