Melatonin in Retinal Physiology and Pathology: The Case of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Melatonin in Retinal Physiology and Pathology: The Case of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
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DOI：
10.1155/2016/6819736
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kaarniranta K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blasiak J;Reiter RJ;Kaarniranta K
褪黑激素是一种吲哚胺，主要在松果体中以昼夜节律的方式合成，但它在许多其他器官中产生，包括视网膜，这似乎特别重要，因为眼睛是昼夜节律信号的主要接收者。褪黑激素具有很强的抗氧化特性，这使其易于在许多与氧化应激相关的人类病理学中发挥保护作用，包括过早衰老和退行性疾病。因此，褪黑激素可能在年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）（一种影响光感受器和视网膜色素上皮（RPE）的疾病）中发挥作用，其中氧化应激在其发病机制中具有确定的作用。一些研究表明，褪黑激素可以对活性氧（ROS）引起的RPE细胞损伤发挥保护作用，但也有报道称，褪黑激素会增加ROS诱导的光感受器和RPE损伤。褪黑激素的作用类似于合成的靶向抗氧化剂，其以相对高的水平集中在线粒体中;因此，褪黑激素可以防止AMD中的线粒体损伤。视网膜含有端粒酶，一种与维持端粒长度有关的酶，氧化应激抑制端粒合成，而褪黑激素克服了这种作用。这些特征支持将褪黑激素视为治疗AMD的预防剂和治疗剂。
Melatonin, an indoleamine, is synthesized mainly in the pineal gland in a circadian fashion, but it is produced in many other organs, including the retina, which seems to be especially important as the eye is a primary recipient of circadian signals. Melatonin displays strong antioxidative properties, which predispose it to play a protective role in many human pathologies associated with oxidative stress, including premature aging and degenerative disease. Therefore, melatonin may play a role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a disease affecting photoreceptors, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with an established role of oxidative stress in its pathogenesis. Several studies have shown that melatonin could exert the protective effect against damage to RPE cells evoked by reactive oxygen species (ROS), but it has also been reported to increase ROS-induced damage to photoreceptors and RPE. Melatonin behaves like synthetic mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, which concentrate in mitochondria at relatively high levels; thus, melatonin may prevent mitochondrial damage in AMD. The retina contains telomerase, an enzyme implicated in maintaining the length of telomeres, and oxidative stress inhibits telomere synthesis, while melatonin overcomes this effect. These features support considering melatonin as a preventive and therapeutic agent in the treatment of AMD.
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影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Blasiak J;Synowiec E;Salminen A;Kaarniranta K
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DOI：
10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00160-1
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10.1146/annurev-genom-090413-025610
发表时间：
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影响因子：
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