[Thought Experiments in Historiographic Function: Max Weber on Eduard Meyer and the Question of Counterfactuality].

[Thought Experiments in Historiographic Function: Max Weber on Eduard Meyer and the Question of Counterfactuality].
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[史学功能中的思想实验:马克斯·韦伯论爱德华·迈耶和反事实问题]

DOI:
10.1002/bewi.201501702
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
0.6
通讯作者:
Florian
Florian
中科院分区:
人文科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Florian

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史学功能中的思想实验:马克斯·韦伯论爱德华·迈耶和反事实问题。马克斯·韦伯对其同事爱德华·迈耶关于历史反事实推理的评论反映了 1900 年左右方法论斗争中的重大转变。将历史变化严格归因于个体原因或抽象一般规律的问题已经以一种新的方式得到解决:通过反事实推理,历史学家应该能够发现最重要的(和因此有意义)某个历史结果的原因、事件或行动。本文继弗里茨·林格之后,认为在自然科学占主导地位的方法下,人文学者通过反事实思想实验进行历史研究。通过这种方式,韦伯撬开了当代叙事(例如历史主义),并通过采用独特的历史因果分析,他为精致的概念让路,提供了一种解释模型,为历史研究提供了比迄今为止的认识论讨论更可行、更注重实践的方法。
Thought Experiments in Historiographic Function: Max Weber on Eduard Meyer and the Question of Counterfactuality.Max Weber’s remarks on his colleague Eduard Meyer regarding counterfactual reasoning in history reflects a significant shift during the Methodenstreit around 1900. The question of attributing historical change strictly to either individual causes or abstract general laws has been tackled in a new way: By counterfactual reasoning a historian should be able to detect the most significant (and therefore meaningful) cause, event, or action for a certain historical outcome. Following Fritz Ringer, this paper argues that given the predominating methods of the natural sciences, scholars of the humanities conducted historical research by counterfactual thought experiments. This way, Weber pried open contemporary narratives (e.g. historicism), and by employing a unique historical causal analysis he made way for refined concepts to offer a model of interpretation that gave hope for a more feasible, practice‐oriented approach to historical research than the epistemological discussions had hitherto offered.
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