Fractional Operators Applied to Geophysical Electromagnetics

Fractional Operators Applied to Geophysical Electromagnetics
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分数算子在地球物理电磁学中的应用

DOI:
10.1093/gji/ggz516
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Antil, H
Antil, H
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Weiss, C J;van Bloemen Waanders, B G;Antil, H

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近年来,越来越多的应用数学文献关注分数阶微积分在反常输运问题中的应用。在这些分析中,异常输运(电荷、示踪剂、流体等)假定归因于在固有复杂且在某些情况下自相似的导电介质内的材料性质的长程相关性。而不是考虑一个精致的离散化(和计算上棘手的)表示的介质,复杂的和空间相关的异质性表示通过重新制定的相关传输物理的控制方程,使其系数,而不是,光滑,但配对的分数阶空间导数。在这里,我们将这些概念应用到标量亥姆霍兹方程和它的使用在电磁讯问地球内部通过大地电磁法。我们概述了一个实用的算法求解Helmholtz方程的谱方法加上有限元离散。对大地电磁问题的算法的执行揭示了在野外数据中可观察到的几个有趣的特征:预测电磁场的长程相关性,阻抗振幅平方与波数平方之间的幂律关系,其斜率是控制Helmholtz方程中分数阶指数的函数;和,一个非恒定的视电阻率谱,其变化性只产生于分数指数。在具有自相似性特征的地质环境中(如断裂系统;厚且结构丰富的沉积序列等),我们认为这些诊断对于远低于地球物理学中电磁方法的典型分辨率极限的特征的地质表征是有用的。
A growing body of applied mathematics literature in recent years has focused on the application of fractional calculus to problems of anomalous transport. In these analyses, the anomalous transport (of charge, tracers, fluid, etc.) is presumed attributable to long-range correlations of material properties within an inherently complex, and in some cases self-similar, conducting medium. Rather than considering an exquisitely discretized (and computationally intractable) representation of the medium, the complex and spatially correlated heterogeneity is represented through reformulation of the governing equation for the relevant transport physics such that its coefficients are, instead, smooth but paired with fractional-order space derivatives. Here we apply these concepts to the scalar Helmholtz equation and its use in electromagnetic interrogation of Earth’s interior through the magnetotelluric method. We outline a practical algorithm for solving the Helmholtz equation using spectral methods coupled with finite element discretizations. Execution of this algorithm for the magnetotelluric problem reveals several interesting features observable in field data: long-range correlation of the predicted electromagnetic fields; a power-law relationship between the squared impedance amplitude and squared wavenumber whose slope is a function of the fractional exponent within the governing Helmholtz equation; and, a non-constant apparent resistivity spectrum whose variability arises solely from the fractional exponent. In geological settings characterized by self-similarity (e.g. fracture systems; thick and richly textured sedimentary sequences, etc.) we posit that these diagnostics are useful for geological characterization of features far below the typical resolution limit of electromagnetic methods in geophysics.
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