Glucocorticoids increase excitotoxic injury and inflammation in the hippocampus of adult male rats.

Glucocorticoids increase excitotoxic injury and inflammation in the hippocampus of adult male rats.
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DOI:
10.1159/000367849
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Sapolsky RM
Sapolsky RM
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sorrells SF;Munhoz CD;Manley NC;Yen S;Sapolsky RM

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应激通过肾上腺糖皮质激素(GC)的作用加剧了许多中枢神经系统损伤中的神经元损失。对于某些损伤,神经细胞的gc危害伴随着CNS中更大的免疫细胞激活,鉴于gc的有效免疫抑制特性,这是一个令人惊讶的结果。为了确定GCs对炎症的影响是导致神经元死亡的原因还是其结果,我们测试了非甾体抗炎药是否可以保护肾上腺切除雄性大鼠在kainic酸兴奋性毒性过程中免受GCs的影响。接下来,我们测量了GC对以下方面的影响:(i)趋化因子产生(CCL2、cinc1), (ii)抑制免疫激活的信号(CX3CL1、CD22、CD200和TGF-b),以及(iii) NF-kB活性。同时使用米诺环素而非吲哚美辛治疗可防止gc危害。GCs并没有实质性地影响CCL2、cinc1或基线NF-kB活性,但它们确实抑制了海马中CX3CL1、CX3CR1和CD22的表达,这些因素通常会抑制炎症反应。这些发现表明,损伤海马的细胞炎症不一定受到GCs的抑制;相反,GCs可能通过增加中枢神经系统炎症的神经毒性,至少在一定程度上加重海马神经元死亡。
Stress exacerbates neuron loss in many CNS injuries via the actions of adrenal glucocorticoid (GC) hormones. For some injuries, this GC-endangerment of neurons is accompanied by greater immune cell activation in the CNS, a surprising outcome given the potent immunosuppressive properties of GCs. To determine whether the effects of GCs on inflammation contribute to neuron death or result from it, we tested whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could protect neurons from GCs during kainic acid excitotoxicity in adrenalectomized male rats. We next measured GC effects on (i) chemokine production (CCL2, CINC-1), (ii) signals that suppress immune activation (CX3CL1, CD22, CD200, and TGF-b), and (iii) NF-kB activity. Concurrent treatment with minocycline but not indomethacin prevented GC-endangerment. GCs did not substantially affect CCL2, CINC-1, or baseline NF-kB activity, but they did suppress CX3CL1, CX3CR1, and CD22 expression in the hippocampus, factors that normally restrain inflammatory responses. These findings demonstrate that cellular inflammation is not necessarily suppressed by GCs in the injured hippocampus; instead, GCs may worsen hippocampal neuron death, at least in part, by increasing the neurotoxicity of CNS inflammation.
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