General method for iron-catalyzed multicomponent radical cascades-cross-couplings.

General method for iron-catalyzed multicomponent radical cascades-cross-couplings.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.abj6005
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发表时间:
2021-10-22
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gutierrez O
Gutierrez O
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu L;Aguilera MC;Lee W;Youshaw CR;Neidig ML;Gutierrez O

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过渡金属催化的交叉偶联反应是化学合成中应用最广泛的方法之一。然而,尽管铁(Fe)作为一种潜在的更便宜、更丰富、毒性更低的过渡金属催化剂具有显著的优势,但它在多组分交叉偶联中的实际应用仍然很不成功。我们证明了1,2-二(二环己基膦)乙烷铁催化的α-硼基自由基与格氏试剂的偶联反应。然后,我们扩展了这些自由基级联的范围,开发了一种通用的、广泛适用的铁催化的多组分环化-交叉偶联协议,该协议涉及广泛的π-体系,并允许实际合成环状氟化合物。机理研究表明,双芳化的Fe(II)物种负责烷基自由基的生成以引发催化,而碳-碳键的形成是在单芳化的Fe(II)中心和瞬时烷基自由基之间进行的。
Transition metal–catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are some of the most widely used methods in chemical synthesis. However, despite notable advantages of iron (Fe) as a potentially cheaper, more abundant, and less toxic transition metal catalyst, its practical application in multicomponent cross-couplings remains largely unsuccessful. We demonstrate 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane Fe–catalyzed coupling of α-boryl radicals (generated from selective radical addition to vinyl boronates) with Grignard reagents. Then, we extended the scope of these radical cascades by developing a general and broadly applicable Fe-catalyzed multicomponent annulation–cross-coupling protocol that engages a wide range of π-systems and permits the practical synthesis of cyclic fluorous compounds. Mechanistic studies are consistent with a bisarylated Fe(II) species being responsible for alkyl radical generation to initiate catalysis, while carbon-carbon bond formation proceeds between a monoarylated Fe(II) center and a transient alkyl radical.
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