Xanthine oxidoreductase: One enzyme for multiple physiological tasks.
Xanthine oxidoreductase: One enzyme for multiple physiological tasks.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.redox.2021.101882
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发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Bolognesi A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bortolotti M;Polito L;Battelli MG;Bolognesi A
人类黄嘌呤氧化还原酶(XOR)是一种多水平调节的酶，它是一个复杂的进化过程，赋予它许多生理功能。主要的XOR活性是：(I)执行嘌呤分解代谢的最后两步的黄嘌呤脱氢酶(XDH)活性，从次黄嘌呤分解为尿酸；(Ii)黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)活性，除了嘌呤分解代谢外，还产生活性氧(ROS)；(Iii)亚硝酸盐还原酶活性，产生一氧化氮，有助于血管扩张和调节血压；(Iv)NADH氧化酶活性，产生ROS。所有这些XOR活性也有助于代谢各种内源和外源化合物，包括一些药物。关于XOR产物，应该认为(I)尿酸不仅是一种促炎剂，而且是血清中的基本抗氧化分子，(Ii)XOR衍生的ROS在炎症防御反应中是必不可少的。虽然XOR已经成为大量研究的对象，但大多数研究都集中在其活动的病理后果上，对于XOR的生理作用还没有一个清晰的图解。在这篇综述中，我们试图填补这一空白，报告并图形化地描述XOR及其产品的主要作用。
Human xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a multiple-level regulated enzyme, resulting from a complicated evolutionary process that assigned it many physiological roles. The main XOR activities are: (i) xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) activity that performs the last two steps of purine catabolism, from hypoxanthine to uric acid; (ii) xanthine oxidase (XO) activity that, besides purine catabolism, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS); (iii) nitrite reductase activity that generates nitric oxide, contributing to vasodilation and regulation of blood pressure; (iv) NADH oxidase activity that produces ROS. All these XOR activities contribute also to metabolize various endogenous and exogenous compounds, including some drugs. About XOR products, it should be considered that (i) uric acid is not only a proinflammatory agent, but also a fundamental antioxidant molecule in serum and (ii) XOR-derived ROS are essential to the inflammatory defensive response. Although XOR has been the object of a large number of studies, most of them were focused on the pathological consequences of its activity and there is not a clear and schematic picture of XOR physiological roles. In this review, we try to fill this gap, reporting and graphically schematizing the main roles of XOR and its products.
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影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Ichida K;Amaya Y;Okamoto K;Nishino T
通讯作者：
Nishino T
影响因子：
--
作者：
Neogi, Tuhina;George, Jacob;Rekhraj, Sushma;Struthers, Allan D.;Choi, Hyon;Terkeltaub, Robert A.
通讯作者：
Terkeltaub, Robert A.
DOI：
10.1111/febs.13277
发表时间：
2015-08
期刊：
The FEBS journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
Nishino T;Okamoto K;Kawaguchi Y;Matsumura T;Eger BT;Pai EF;Nishino T
通讯作者：
Nishino T
影响因子：
--
作者：
Battelli MG;Polito L;Bortolotti M;Bolognesi A
通讯作者：
Bolognesi A
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Eisenbacher, Judith Luiza;Schrezenmeier, Hubert;Lotfi, Ramin
通讯作者：
Lotfi, Ramin