Machine learning feature analysis illuminates disparity between E3SM climate models and observed climate change

Machine learning feature analysis illuminates disparity between E3SM climate models and observed climate change
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机器学习特征分析揭示了 E3SM 气候模型与观测到的气候变化之间的差异

DOI:
10.1016/j.cam.2021.113451
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Moses, Melanie E.
Moses, Melanie E.
中科院分区:
数学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nichol, J. Jake;Peterson, Matthew G.;Peterson, Kara J.;Fricke, G. Matthew;Moses, Melanie E.

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2020 年 9 月,北极海冰范围达到有记录以来第二低。最先进的气候预测使用地球系统模型(ESM),由代表物理定律的微分方程系统驱动。此前,这些模型往往低估了北极海冰的损失。这个问题很严重,因为准确的建模对于经济、生态和地缘政治规划至关重要。我们使用机器学习技术,包括随机森林回归和基尼重要性,来表明能源百兆亿级地球系统模型 (E3SM) 过于依赖十个选定的气候量之一来预测 9 月海冰平均值。此外,与观测到的数据相比,E3SM 过于重视其中的六个量。识别气候模型错误依赖的特征应该可以帮助气候学家提高预测准确性。
In September of 2020, Arctic sea ice extent was the second-lowest on record. State of the art climate prediction uses Earth system models (ESMs), driven by systems of differential equations representing the laws of physics. Previously, these models have tended to underestimate Arctic sea ice loss. The issue is grave because accurate modeling is critical for economic, ecological, and geopolitical planning. We use machine learning techniques, including random forest regression and Gini importance, to show that the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) relies too heavily on just one of the ten chosen climatological quantities to predict September sea ice averages. Furthermore, E3SM gives too much importance to six of those quantities when compared to observed data. Identifying the features that climate models incorrectly rely on should allow climatologists to improve prediction accuracy.
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