Complementarity of formal and informal actors and their networks in support of vulnerable populations in informal settlements: Governance diaries approach.
Complementarity of formal and informal actors and their networks in support of vulnerable populations in informal settlements: Governance diaries approach.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpubh.2022.1043602
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Mberu, Blessing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chumo, Ivy;Kabaria, Caroline;Shankland, Alex;Igonya, Emmy;Mberu, Blessing
关键词：
除了对正式行为者和非正式行为者及其支助脆弱人口的网络之间的关系的若干兴趣和推测之外，大多数研究并没有最终确定这两种类型的支助是替代还是补充。虽然非正规护理和正规护理在一般情况下可以相互替代，但在脆弱群体中它们是相辅相成的。尽管一些研究描述了互补性，但需要进一步了解正式和非正式行动者和网络之间的协同作用，以确定如何最大限度地发挥政策和干预措施，以减轻非正式住区中弱势群体面临的挑战。我们在肯尼亚内罗毕的科罗戈乔和维旺达尼非正式定居点对24名参与者进行了民族志研究。治理日记方法包括对研究参与者进行为期4个月的每两周的治理深度访谈（IDIs），并辅以观察、反思、参与者日记和非正式讨论。我们使用了框架分析方法。确定的非正式行为者包括家庭、邻居、朋友、社区团体和社区成员及其直接网络。另一方面，正式行动者包括制定政策和规则的政府机构、个人和当局，以及他们期望的和可能的网络。正式和非正式行动者及其网络都具有互补的作用，有利于在非正式住区生活和工作的脆弱人口。正式和非正式行动者和网络在支助脆弱群体方面的互补性体现在对脆弱群体的作用和责任中；支持弱势群体的规则、条例和治理；正式和非正式行动者及其网络之间的知识、技能和充满活力的劳动力；向弱势群体提供关于健康和福利的信息；行为者在支持弱势群体方面的转变；支持弱势群体的正式和非正式行为者和网络的可用性、可及性和参与。这种互补性使脆弱人口得到最大限度的支持。我们的结论是，无论是否有正式的社会支持，非正式的社会支持都是需要的。此外，正式和非正式行为者以及相关网络的结合对于支持弱势群体至关重要。正式行动者应通过善意和各种激励措施建立、支持或维持非正式行动者和相关网络，这是建立地方社区结构和加强边缘化和弱势群体对政策和方案干预的包容、参与和所有权的一个重要方面。
Beyond several interests and speculations on the relationship between formal and informal actors and their networks in support of vulnerable populations, most studies do not conclusively establish whether the two types of support are substitutes or complements. While informal care and formal care may be substitutes in general, they are complements among the vulnerable groups. Despite how some studies have described complementarity, further insights on the synergy between formal and informal actors and networks are needed to pinpoint how to maximize policy and interventions to alleviate the challenges facing vulnerable groups in informal settlements. We conducted an ethnography using governance diaries with 24 participants in Korogocho and Viwandani informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The governance diaries approach involved conducting bi-weekly governance in-depth interviews (IDIs) with study participants for 4 months, complemented with observations, reflections, participant diaries and informal discussions. We used framework analysis approach. Informal actors identified include family, neighbors, friends, community groups and community members, and their direct networks. Formal actors on the other hand included government institutions, individuals and authorities that make policies and rules and their desired and possible networks. Both the formal and informal actors and their networks had complementary roles that were beneficial to the vulnerable populations living and working in informal settlements. The complementarities between formal and informal actors and networks in supporting vulnerable groups were portrayed in roles and responsibilities to the vulnerable groups; rules, regulations and governance in supporting vulnerable groups; knowledge, skills and dynamic workforces among formal and informal actors and their networks; information flow on health and wellbeing to the vulnerable populations; transition of actors in supporting vulnerable groups; availability, access and involvement of formal and informal actors and networks to support vulnerable groups. The complementarities allowed for maximum support of the vulnerable populations than otherwise. We conclude that informal social support is needed regardless of the availability of formal social support. Moreover, a combination of formal and informal actors and related networks are essential to support vulnerable persons. Formal actors should establish, support, or maintain the informal actors and related networks through goodwill and sundry incentives as a vital dimension of building with local community structures and enhancing inclusion, participation and ownership of policy and program interventions by marginalized and vulnerable groups.
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影响因子：
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