The Properties and Functions of Glial Cell Types of the Hypothalamic Median Eminence.
The Properties and Functions of Glial Cell Types of the Hypothalamic Median Eminence.
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DOI：
10.3389/fendo.2022.953995
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
正中隆起(ME)是神经内分泌系统(NES)的一部分，在下丘脑和脑下垂体之间起着至关重要的接口作用。ME含有多种非神经细胞类型，包括少突胶质细胞、少突胶质前体细胞(OPC)、伸展细胞、星形胶质细胞、周细胞、小胶质细胞和其他免疫细胞，这些细胞可能参与NES功能的调节。例如，在小鼠中，去除张力细胞(具有干细胞样功能的特殊类型的室管膜胶质细胞)会导致体重增加、进食、胰岛素不敏感和内脏脂肪增加，这与这些细胞已证明的感知和运输葡萄糖和瘦素以及分化为控制下丘脑摄食和代谢的神经元的能力是一致的。举一个进一步的例子，小鼠ME中的OPC已被证明对饮食信号快速反应，进而控制ME中来自少突胶质细胞谱系细胞的细胞外基质的组成，这可能有助于这些细胞在主动维持ME中表达瘦素受体的树突中的作用。在这篇综述中，我们探索和讨论了最近的进展，例如，这些进展加深了我们对ME的各种细胞类型如何在NES中发挥其作为下丘脑和脑下垂体之间的接口的功能的理解。我们还强调了未来研究的途径，这些研究承诺发现ME及其所包含的神经胶质细胞、干细胞和祖细胞的额外功能。
The median eminence (ME) is part of the neuroendocrine system (NES) that functions as a crucial interface between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The ME contains many non-neuronal cell types, including oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), tanycytes, astrocytes, pericytes, microglia and other immune cells, which may be involved in the regulation of NES function. For example, in mice, ablation of tanycytes (a special class of ependymal glia with stem cell-like functions) results in weight gain, feeding, insulin insensitivity and increased visceral adipose, consistent with the demonstrated ability of these cells to sense and transport both glucose and leptin, and to differentiate into neurons that control feeding and metabolism in the hypothalamus. To give a further example, OPCs in the ME of mice have been shown to rapidly respond to dietary signals, in turn controlling composition of the extracellular matrix in the ME, derived from oligodendrocyte-lineage cells, which may contribute to the previously described role of these cells in actively maintaining leptin-receptor-expressing dendrites in the ME. In this review, we explore and discuss recent advances such as these, that have developed our understanding of how the various cell types of the ME contribute to its function in the NES as the interface between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. We also highlight avenues of future research which promise to uncover additional functions of the ME and the glia, stem and progenitor cells it contains.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Tachibana D;Nakamoto K;Tokuyama S
通讯作者：
Tokuyama S