Ethylene promotes hypocotyl growth and HY5 degradation by enhancing the movement of COP1 to the nucleus in the light.
Ethylene promotes hypocotyl growth and HY5 degradation by enhancing the movement of COP1 to the nucleus in the light.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1004025
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Huang R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu Y;Wang J;Zhang Z;Quan R;Zhang H;Deng XW;Ma L;Huang R
在黑暗中，黄化的幼苗显示出长的下胚轴，当幼苗暴露于光时，下胚轴的生长迅速受到抑制。相反，植物激素乙烯在黑暗中阻止下胚轴伸长，但在光照下促进其生长。然而，光和乙烯信号在蛋白质水平上相反地影响这一过程的机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们报告说，乙烯增强运动的组成光形态发生1（COP 1）的核，它介导的降解长下胚轴5（HY 5），有助于下胚轴生长的光。我们的研究结果表明，HY 5是所需的乙烯促进下胚轴生长在光下，但不是在黑暗中。利用遗传和生化分析，我们发现HY 5功能下游的乙烯不敏感3（EIN 3）乙烯促进下胚轴生长。此外，乙烯对HY 5稳定性的上游调节是COP 1依赖性的，并且COP 1在遗传上位于EIN 3的下游，表明COP 1-HY 5复合物整合了EIN 3下游的光和乙烯信号传导。重要的是，乙烯前体1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸酯（ACC）丰富了COP 1的核定位;然而，这种作用仅在光的存在下依赖于EIN 3，强烈表明乙烯促进了光对COP 1从细胞质到细胞核的运动的影响。因此，我们的研究表明，COP 1-HY 5复合物是一种新的整合剂，在乙烯促进下胚轴生长的光中起着至关重要的作用。众所周知，光抑制幼苗下胚轴的生长，而植物激素乙烯及其前体1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸酯（ACC）促进下胚轴在光下的生长。然而，光和乙烯在蛋白质水平上相反地影响这一过程的机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们证明，乙烯增强运动的组成光形态发生1（COP 1）的核，它促进降解长下胚轴5（HY 5）在光，有助于下胚轴生长。我们的数据表明，HY 5是所需的乙烯促进下胚轴生长的光，但不是在黑暗中。利用遗传和生化分析，我们发现HY 5功能下游的乙烯不敏感3（EIN 3）在乙烯促进下胚轴生长。此外，乙烯对HY 5稳定性的调节是COP 1依赖性的，并且COP 1在遗传上位于EIN 3的下游，表明COP 1-HY 5复合物整合了EIN 3下游的光和乙烯信号传导。重要的是，ACC在光的存在下以EIN 3依赖的方式丰富了COP 1的核定位，这表明乙烯挽救了光对COP 1从细胞质到细胞核的运动的影响。因此，我们的研究表明，COP 1-HY 5复合物是一种新的整合剂，在乙烯促进下胚轴生长的光中起着至关重要的作用。
In the dark, etiolated seedlings display a long hypocotyl, the growth of which is rapidly inhibited when the seedlings are exposed to light. In contrast, the phytohormone ethylene prevents hypocotyl elongation in the dark but enhances its growth in the light. However, the mechanism by which light and ethylene signalling oppositely affect this process at the protein level is unclear. Here, we report that ethylene enhances the movement of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (COP1) to the nucleus where it mediates the degradation of LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), contributing to hypocotyl growth in the light. Our results indicate that HY5 is required for ethylene-promoted hypocotyl growth in the light, but not in the dark. Using genetic and biochemical analyses, we found that HY5 functions downstream of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) for ethylene-promoted hypocotyl growth. Furthermore, the upstream regulation of HY5 stability by ethylene is COP1-dependent, and COP1 is genetically located downstream of EIN3, indicating that the COP1-HY5 complex integrates light and ethylene signalling downstream of EIN3. Importantly, the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) enriched the nuclear localisation of COP1; however, this effect was dependent on EIN3 only in the presence of light, strongly suggesting that ethylene promotes the effects of light on the movement of COP1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Thus, our investigation demonstrates that the COP1-HY5 complex is a novel integrator that plays an essential role in ethylene-promoted hypocotyl growth in the light. It is well known that light suppresses hypocotyl growth in seedlings, while the phytohormone ethylene and its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) enhance hypocotyl growth in the light. However, the mechanism by which light and ethylene oppositely affect this process at the protein level is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ethylene enhances the movement of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (COP1) to the nucleus where it promotes the degradation of LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) in the light, contributing to hypocotyl growth. Our data indicate that HY5 is required for ethylene-promoted hypocotyl growth in the light, but not in the dark. Using genetic and biochemical analyses, we found that HY5 functions downstream of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) during ethylene-promoted hypocotyl growth. Further, the regulation of HY5 stability by ethylene is COP1-dependent, and COP1 is genetically located downstream of EIN3, indicating that the COP1-HY5 complex integrates light and ethylene signalling downstream of EIN3. Importantly, ACC enriched the nuclear localisation of COP1 in an EIN3-dependent manner in the presence of light, suggesting that ethylene rescued the effects of light on the movement of COP1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Thus, our investigation shows that the COP1-HY5 complex is a novel integrator that plays an essential role in ethylene-promoted hypocotyl growth in the light.
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