Advantages of vitrification preservation in assisted reproduction and potential influences on imprinted genes.
Advantages of vitrification preservation in assisted reproduction and potential influences on imprinted genes.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13148-022-01355-y
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发表时间：
2022-11-03
影响因子：
5.7
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中科院分区：
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--
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冷冻保存在辅助生殖技术中有重要应用。玻璃化冷冻技术已被广泛应用于卵母细胞和胚胎的冷冻保存，大量临床结果和实验研究表明，玻璃化冷冻可获得更高的细胞存活率和植入前发育率以及更好的妊娠结局。卵巢组织玻璃化冷冻是缓慢冷冻的替代方法，对原始卵泡DNA的损伤相对较小。目前，精子保存主要采用慢速冷冻或快速冷冻（液氮蒸气法），虽然玻璃化冷冻法在升温后可以达到更高的精子活力。但是，由于使用了高浓度的冷冻保护剂和超快速冷却，玻璃化冷冻可能会对配子、胚胎和组织细胞造成强烈的应激，从而产生潜在的不良影响。印记基因受表观遗传修饰（包括DNA甲基化）调节，并且显示单等位基因表达。它们的准确调控和正确表达对胎盘、胎儿发育和后代健康非常重要。考虑到基因组印迹对外界环境的变化非常敏感，本文就超低温保存特别是ART中的玻璃化方法对印迹基因的影响进行了全面综述。动物研究发现，卵母细胞和胚胎的玻璃化冷冻可以对一些印迹基因和DNA甲基化产生显著影响，但在人类中的少数研究报告几乎没有影响，这需要进一步探索。本文对目前低温保存技术在ART中的安全性评价和进一步优化提供了有益的信息。
Cryopreservation has important application in assisted reproductive technology (ART). The vitrification technique has been widely used in the cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos, as a large number of clinical results and experimental studies have shown that vitrification can achieve a higher cell survival rate and preimplantation development rate and better pregnancy outcomes. Ovarian tissue vitrification is an alternative method to slow freezing that causes comparatively less damage to the original follicular DNA. At present, sperm preservation mainly adopts slow freezing or rapid freezing (LN2 vapor method), although the vitrification method can achieve higher sperm motility after warming. However, due to the use of high-concentration cryoprotectants and ultra-rapid cooling, vitrification may cause strong stress to gametes, embryos and tissue cells, resulting in potentially adverse effects. Imprinted genes are regulated by epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, and show single allele expression. Their accurate regulation and correct expression are very important for the placenta, fetal development and offspring health. Considering that genome imprinting is very sensitive to changes in the external environment, we comprehensively summarized the effect of cryopreservation—especially the vitrification method in ART—on imprinted genes. Animal studies have found that the vitrification of oocytes and embryos can have a significant impact on some imprinted genes and DNA methylation, but the few studies in humans have reported almost no influence, which need to be further explored. This review provides useful information for the safety assessment and further optimization of the current cryopreservation techniques in ART.
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