TTBK2: a tau protein kinase beyond tau phosphorylation.

TTBK2: a tau protein kinase beyond tau phosphorylation.
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DOI:
10.1155/2015/575170
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Chang CW
Chang CW
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liao JC;Yang TT;Weng RR;Kuo CT;Chang CW

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Tau 微管蛋白激酶 2 (TTBK2) 是一种已知可磷酸化 tau 和微管蛋白的激酶。由于其参与多个重要的细胞过程,它最近引起了广泛的关注。在这里,我们回顾了目前对 TTBK2 的理解,包括其序列、结构、结合位点、磷酸化底物和所涉及的细胞过程。 TTBK2 拥有酪蛋白激酶 1 (CK1) 激酶结构域,后跟约 900 个氨基酸片段,可能负责其定位和底物招募。已知它与中心粒蛋白 CEP164 和微管正端跟踪蛋白 EB1 结合。除了自身磷酸化之外,TTBK2 的已知磷酸化底物还包括 tau、微管蛋白、CEP164、CEP97 和 TDP-43(一种神经变性相关蛋白)。 TTBK2 突变与 11 型脊髓小脑共济失调有关。此外,TTBK2 对于调节纤毛发生中轴丝微管的生长至关重要。它还在癌症靶向治疗的耐药性以及调节葡萄糖和 GABA 转运中发挥作用。 TTBK2 定位的报道位点包括中心粒/基体、中体,可能还有有丝分裂纺锤体。总之,TTBK2 是一种参与重要细胞过程的多功能激酶,需要加大力度研究其功能。
Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) is a kinase known to phosphorylate tau and tubulin. It has recently drawn much attention due to its involvement in multiple important cellular processes. Here, we review the current understanding of TTBK2, including its sequence, structure, binding sites, phosphorylation substrates, and cellular processes involved. TTBK2 possesses a casein kinase 1 (CK1) kinase domain followed by a ~900 amino acid segment, potentially responsible for its localization and substrate recruitment. It is known to bind to CEP164, a centriolar protein, and EB1, a microtubule plus-end tracking protein. In addition to autophosphorylation, known phosphorylation substrates of TTBK2 include tau, tubulin, CEP164, CEP97, and TDP-43, a neurodegeneration-associated protein. Mutations of TTBK2 are associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 11. In addition, TTBK2 is essential for regulating the growth of axonemal microtubules in ciliogenesis. It also plays roles in resistance of cancer target therapies and in regulating glucose and GABA transport. Reported sites of TTBK2 localization include the centriole/basal body, the midbody, and possibly the mitotic spindles. Together, TTBK2 is a multifunctional kinase involved in important cellular processes and demands augmented efforts in investigating its functions.
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