Layered seawater intrusion and melt under grounded ice

Layered seawater intrusion and melt under grounded ice
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层状海水侵入并在接地冰下融化

DOI:
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
The Cryosphere
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
H. Seroussi
H. Seroussi
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
A. Robel;E. Wilson;H. Seroussi

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抽象的。在与海洋的浮动或垂直界面上,冰盖融化的增加是海洋冰盖后退和海平面上升的主要驱动因素。然而,温暖的咸水可能在多大程度上推动冰盖地面下的融化,目前还不清楚。以前的工作已经探索了密度较高的海水侵入相对较轻的冰下淡水流量的可能性,类似于在许多河口系统中观察到的盐楔。在这项研究中,我们发展了一个普遍的冰下分层海水入侵理论,其中冰下水文以不透水河床上的大孔水幕或微孔达西流通过可渗透冰层的形式发生。利用这一理论的预测,我们表明,在冰川末端或接地线上游数十公里处,海水可能会侵入坚硬的岩层。另一方面,海水不太可能通过冰下耕作侵入数十米以上。利用冰盖和海平面系统模式进行的高分辨率模拟表明,即使是海洋冰盖接地线上游海水入侵造成的区区几百米的冰盖底部融化,也可以导致海洋冰盖体积损失的预测增加10-50 %,或者对入侵导致的底部融化公里的预测增加100 %。这些结果表明,需要进一步的观测、实验和数值研究,以确定发生大规模海水入侵的条件,以及它是否真的会在未来推动海洋冰盖的迅速消退和海平面上升。
Abstract. Increasing melt of ice sheets at their floating or vertical interface with the ocean is a major driver of marine ice sheet retreat and sea level rise. However, the extent to which warm, salty seawater may drive melting under the grounded portions of ice sheets is still not well understood. Previous work has explored the possibility that dense seawater intrudes beneath relatively light subglacial freshwater discharge, similar to the salt wedge observed in many estuarine systems. In this study, we develop a generalized theory of layered seawater intrusion under grounded ice, including where subglacial hydrology occurs as a macroporous water sheet over impermeable beds or as microporous Darcy flow through permeable till. Using predictions from this theory, we show that seawater intrusion over hard beds may feasibly occur up to tens of kilometers upstream of a glacier terminus or grounding line. On the other hand, seawater is unlikely to intrude more than tens of meters through subglacial till. High-resolution simulations using the Ice-Sheet and Sea-Level System Model (ISSM) show that even just a few hundred meters of basal melt caused by seawater intrusion upstream of marine ice sheet grounding lines can cause projections of marine ice sheet volume loss to be 10–50 % higher or 100 % higher for kilometers of intrusion-induced basal melt. These results suggest that further observational, experimental and numerical investigations are needed to determine whether the conditions under which extensive seawater intrusion occurs and whether it will indeed drive rapid marine ice sheet retreat and sea level rise in the future.
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