Maternal H3K27me3-dependent autosomal and X chromosome imprinting.

Maternal H3K27me3-dependent autosomal and X chromosome imprinting.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41576-020-0245-9
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发表时间:
2020-09
期刊:
Nature reviews. Genetics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zhang Y
Zhang Y
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen Z;Zhang Y

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基因组印记和X染色体失活(XCI)是经典的表观遗传现象,涉及一个亲本等位基因的转录沉默。生殖系来源的差异DNA甲基化是研究最多的启动印记的表观遗传标记,但证据表明存在其他机制。最近的研究表明,母体赖氨酸27上的H3三甲基化(H3K27me3)介导常染色体母体等位基因特异性基因沉默,并通过抑制母体Xist在印迹XCI中发挥重要作用。此外,H3K27me3介导的印迹的损失有助于在克隆胚胎中观察到的发育缺陷。这种新的母体H3K27me3介导的非经典印迹机制进一步强调了亲本染色质在发育中的重要作用,并可能为提高胚胎克隆效率提供依据。DNA甲基化在基因组印记和X染色体失活(XCI)中的作用已被充分证明,但还存在其他印记机制。在此,作者综述了卵母细胞衍生的组蛋白H3赖氨酸27三甲基化在建立常染色体印迹和印迹XCI中的作用。
Genomic imprinting and X chromosome inactivation (XCI) are classic epigenetic phenomena that involve transcriptional silencing of one parental allele. Germline-derived differential DNA methylation is the best-studied epigenetic mark that initiates imprinting, but evidence indicates that other mechanisms exist. Recent studies have revealed that maternal trimethylation of H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) mediates autosomal maternal allele-specific gene silencing and has an important role in imprinted XCI through repression of maternal Xist. Furthermore, loss of H3K27me3-mediated imprinting contributes to the developmental defects observed in cloned embryos. This novel maternal H3K27me3-mediated noncanonical imprinting mechanism further emphasizes the important role of parental chromatin in development, and could provide the basis for improving the efficiency of embryo cloning. The role of DNA methylation in genomic imprinting and X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is well-documented, but other imprinting mechanisms exist. Here, the authors review the role of oocyte-derived histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation in establishing autosomal imprinting and imprinted XCI.
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