Acid rain footprint three decades after peak deposition: Long-term recovery from pollutant sulphate in the Uhlirska catchment (Czech Republic).

Acid rain footprint three decades after peak deposition: Long-term recovery from pollutant sulphate in the Uhlirska catchment (Czech Republic).
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酸雨足迹高峰沉积后三十年:Uhlirska流域硫酸盐污染物的长期恢复(捷克共和国)

DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.109
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
The Science of the total environment
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
J. A. C. Barth
J. A. C. Barth
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
S. Hintze;M. Sanda;J. Jankovec;F. Oulehle;J. Dusek;T. Vogel;T. Vitvar;R. van Geldern;J. A. C. Barth

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面积为1.78平方公里的花岗岩Uhlirska源头集水区位于捷克共和国北方的吉泽拉山脉,是欧洲人为酸沉积输入量最高的地区之一。硫酸盐(SO 42-)在沉积物中的分布分析,土壤水,溪流水和地下水隔间允许建立一个SO 42-质量平衡(沉积输入减去地表水输出),并有助于评估自1997年的集水区的最后一次评估发生的变化。测定的SO 42-浓度按以下顺序降低:湿地地下水> 20 m地下水> 30 m地下水>溪流水> 10 m地下水>山坡土壤水>湿地土壤水>整体沉积物,中值分别为0.24,0.21,0.17,0.15,0.11,0.07,0.03和0.01 mmol L-1。我们的研究结果表明,平均沉积减少62%,并没有导致相同的变化的硫酸盐质量平衡,这只改变了47%。这种差异的发生是因为硫酸盐来自内部来源,如地下水和土壤水。Uhlirska集水区受到人为酸沉积的延迟恢复,即使经过三十年的投入下降,仍然是储存硫的净来源。湿地地下水和土壤水提供了遗留污染物硫酸盐的环境记忆。在2015年异常干燥的夏季之后,河水硫酸盐浓度升高,这意味着天气和气候模式对未来从酸化中恢复的重要性。
The granitic Uhlirska headwater catchment with a size of 1.78 km2is located in the Jizera Mountains in the northern Czech Republic and received among the highest inputs of anthropogenic acid depositions in Europe. An analysis of sulphate (SO42–) distribution in deposition, soil water, stream water and groundwater compartments allowed to establish a SO42–mass-balance (deposition input minus surface water export) and helped to evaluate which changes occurred since the last evaluation of the catchment in 1997. The determined SO42–concentrations decreased in the following order: wetland groundwater > groundwater from 20 m below ground level (bgl) > groundwater from 30 m bgl > stream water > groundwater from10 m bgl > hillslope soil water > wetland soil water > bulk deposition with median values of 0.24, 0.21, 0.17, 0.15, 0.11, 0.07, 0.03 and 0.01 mmol L− 1, respectively. Our results show that average deposition reductions of 62% did not result in equal changes of the sulphate mass-balance, which changed by only 47%. This difference occurs because sulphate originates from internal sources such as the groundwater and soil water. The Uhlirska catchment is subject to delayed recovery from anthropogenic acid depositions and remains a net source of stored sulphur even after three decades of declining inputs. The wetland groundwater and soil water provide environmental memories of legacy pollutant sulphate. Elevated stream water sulphate concentrations after the unusually dry summer 2015 imply importance of weather and climate patterns for future recovery from acidification.
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