Gender Differences in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Effects of Natural Killer Lymphocyte Immunity.
Gender Differences in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Effects of Natural Killer Lymphocyte Immunity.
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DOI:
10.3390/jcm10215163
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发表时间:
2021-11-04
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Wang P
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lutz CT;Livas L;Presnell SR;Sexton M;Wang P
Men are more likely to develop cancer than women. In fact, male predominance is one of the most consistent cancer epidemiology findings. Additionally, men have a poorer prognosis and an increased risk of secondary malignancies compared to women. These differences have been investigated in order to better understand cancer and to better treat both men and women. In this review, we discuss factors that may cause this gender difference, focusing on urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) pathogenesis. We consider physiological factors that may cause higher male cancer rates, including differences in X chromosome gene expression. We discuss how androgens may promote bladder cancer development directly by stimulating bladder urothelium and indirectly by suppressing immunity. We are particularly interested in the role of natural killer (NK) cells in anti-cancer immunity.
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