Gender Differences in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Effects of Natural Killer Lymphocyte Immunity.

Gender Differences in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Effects of Natural Killer Lymphocyte Immunity.
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DOI:
10.3390/jcm10215163
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发表时间:
2021-11-04
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Wang P
Wang P
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lutz CT;Livas L;Presnell SR;Sexton M;Wang P

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男性比女性更容易患癌症。事实上,男性占优势是最一致的癌症流行病学发现之一。此外,与女性相比,男性的预后较差,继发恶性肿瘤的风险增加。研究这些差异是为了更好地了解癌症,更好地治疗男性和女性。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了可能导致这种性别差异的因素,重点是尿路上皮膀胱癌(UBC)的发病机制。我们考虑了可能导致较高男性癌症发病率的生理因素,包括X染色体基因表达的差异。我们讨论了雄激素如何通过刺激膀胱尿路刺激直接促进膀胱癌的发展,以及如何通过抑制免疫间接促进膀胱癌的发展。我们对自然杀伤(NK)细胞在抗癌免疫中的作用特别感兴趣。
Men are more likely to develop cancer than women. In fact, male predominance is one of the most consistent cancer epidemiology findings. Additionally, men have a poorer prognosis and an increased risk of secondary malignancies compared to women. These differences have been investigated in order to better understand cancer and to better treat both men and women. In this review, we discuss factors that may cause this gender difference, focusing on urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) pathogenesis. We consider physiological factors that may cause higher male cancer rates, including differences in X chromosome gene expression. We discuss how androgens may promote bladder cancer development directly by stimulating bladder urothelium and indirectly by suppressing immunity. We are particularly interested in the role of natural killer (NK) cells in anti-cancer immunity.
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