Glymphatic imaging and modulation of the optic nerve.
Glymphatic imaging and modulation of the optic nerve.
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DOI：
10.4103/1673-5374.324829
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Chan KC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kasi A;Liu C;Faiq MA;Chan KC
视神经的健康对视觉系统的正常运作至关重要。然而，某些影响视神经的神经退行性疾病的病理生理过程，如青光眼，尚不完全清楚。最近，有人假设缺乏适当的神经毒素清除有助于神经退行性疾病。清除代谢废物的能力对包括人类在内的哺乳动物的组织稳态至关重要。虽然大脑缺乏在其他解剖区域发现的传统淋巴排水系统，但越来越多的证据表明，中枢神经系统中存在淋巴系统，其结构包括视神经。星形胶质细胞的支持作用，这种血管周围液体引流系统是必不可少的清除有毒代谢物从中枢神经系统。在此，我们回顾了现有的文献描述的生理学和功能障碍的淋巴系统，特别是因为它涉及到视神经。我们总结了证明野生型啮齿动物、水通道蛋白4缺失啮齿动物和人类视神经中存在淋巴系统的关键成像研究；视神经受损疾病的淋巴显像研究目前有证据表明，药物和生活方式干预可能有助于促进淋巴功能，改善视神经健康。最后，我们强调了未来的研究方向，可以应用于提高影像学检测和指导视神经疾病的治疗干预。
Optic nerve health is essential for proper function of the visual system. However, the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative disease processes affecting the optic nerve, such as glaucoma, is not fully understood. Recently, it was hypothesized that a lack of proper clearance of neurotoxins contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. The ability to clear metabolic waste is essential for tissue homeostasis in mammals, including humans. While the brain lacks the traditional lymphatic drainage system identified in other anatomical regions, there is growing evidence of a glymphatic system in the central nervous system, which structurally includes the optic nerve. Named to acknowledge the supportive role of astroglial cells, this perivascular fluid drainage system is essential to remove toxic metabolites from the central nervous system. Herein, we review existing literature describing the physiology and dysfunction of the glymphatic system specifically as it relates to the optic nerve. We summarize key imaging studies demonstrating the existence of a glymphatic system in the optic nerves of wild-type rodents, aquaporin 4-null rodents, and humans; glymphatic imaging studies in diseases where the optic nerve is impaired; and current evidence regarding pharmacological and lifestyle interventions that may help promote glymphatic function to improve optic nerve health. We conclude by highlighting future research directions that could be applied to improve imaging detection and guide therapeutic interventions for diseases affecting the optic nerve.
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影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Hablitz, Lauren M.;Pla, Virginia;Nedergaard, Maiken
通讯作者：
Nedergaard, Maiken
DOI：
10.1155/2019/2831501
发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
Neuroscience journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
Glober, Nancy K;Sprague, Shane;Sayre, Naomi L
通讯作者：
Sayre, Naomi L
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Chou, Tsung-Han;Romano, Giovanni Luca;Porciatti, Vittorio
通讯作者：
Porciatti, Vittorio
影响因子：
34.7
作者：
Goldman, Daniel
通讯作者：
Goldman, Daniel
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Farr, George W.;Hall, Christopher H.;Pelletier, Marc F.
通讯作者：
Pelletier, Marc F.