Targeting anti-HIV drugs to the CNS.
Targeting anti-HIV drugs to the CNS.
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DOI：
10.1517/17425240903081705
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发表时间：
2009-08
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Labhasetwar V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rao KS;Ghorpade A;Labhasetwar V
过去几十年来，抗逆转录病毒药物的开发值得称赞，因为在整个人体免疫缺陷病毒（艾滋病毒）复制周期内确定了几个新的目标。然而，艾滋病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合症尚未得到完全控制。这是因为目前的抗艾滋病毒药物虽然能有效降低血浆病毒水平，但不能将病毒从体内完全根除。这是因为大多数抗HIV药物不会在某些细胞和解剖学储库（包括中枢神经系统（CNS））中积累。抗HIV药物向CNS的递送不足归因于其穿过血脑屏障（BBB）的低渗透性。因此，即使在延长的抗逆转录病毒药物治疗期间，CNS内持续的低病毒复制也会继续。因此，需要开发靶向增强抗HIV药物的CNS递送的新方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了纳米载体的潜力和细胞穿透肽在增强药物递送到中枢神经系统中的作用。这种药物递送方法也可以导致比常规治疗更高的药物递送到病毒藏身的其他细胞和解剖学储库，从而提供有效的治疗以从体内完全消除病毒。
The development of antiretroviral drugs over the past couple of decades has been commendable due to the identification of several new targets within the overall Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) replication cycle. However, complete control over HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is yet to be achieved. This is because the current anti-HIV drugs, although effective in reducing plasma viral levels, cannot eradicate the virus completely from the body. This occurs because most anti-HIV drugs do not accumulate in certain cellular and anatomical reservoirs including the Central Nervous System (CNS). Insufficient delivery of anti-HIV drugs to the CNS is attributed to their low permeability across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Hence, low and sustained viral replication within the CNS continues even during prolonged antiretroviral drug therapy. Therefore, developing novel approaches that are targeted at enhancing the CNS delivery of anti-HIV drugs are required. In this review, we discussed the potential of nanocarriers and the role of cell-penetrating peptides in enhancing drug delivery to the CNS. Such drug delivery approaches could also lead to higher drug delivery to other cellular and anatomical reservoirs where the virus harbor than with conventional treatment, thus providing an effective therapy to eliminate the virus completely from the body.
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