Cane toads (Rhinella marina) rely on water access, not drought tolerance, to invade xeric Australian environments
Cane toads (Rhinella marina) rely on water access, not drought tolerance, to invade xeric Australian environments
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甘蔗蟾蜍（Rhinella marina）依靠水而不是耐旱性来入侵澳大利亚的干旱环境
DOI：
10.1007/s00442-018-4321-1
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
DeNardo, Dale F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brusch, George A.;Christian, Keith;Brown, Greg P.;Shine, Richard;DeNardo, Dale F.
具有新的环境挑战的栖息地的入侵可能需要在原生范围内的同种植物中看不到的生理耐受性。我们使用野外和实验室相结合的实验来评估四个地点对有限水分获取的生理耐受性，这些地点分布在澳大利亚甘蔗蟾蜍(Rhinella Marina)历史入侵路径上，从东到西交替分布在中旱地和季节性旱地之间。捕获时，所有地点的蟾蜍都有充足的水分。然而，实验脱水导致了更大的质量损失，更高的血浆渗透压，并抑制了来自干旱区的蟾蜍的裂解能力。这些结果多少有些令人惊讶地表明，来自干旱环境的蟾蜍在生理上更容易失水。相比之下，杀菌能力对氢气状态不敏感，东部(长期定居)地区的蟾蜍杀菌能力更强。水产蟾蜍的裂解能力和野生蟾蜍的凝集能力相似，这表明沿入侵前沿的蟾蜍面临着增强的扩散能力和对脱水的生理反应之间的权衡。这种入侵物种扩散到更干燥环境的能力可能是由表型可塑性和进化(可遗传)特征的组合支撑的。
The invasion of habitats with novel environmental challenges may require physiological tolerances not seen in conspecifics from the native range. We used a combination of field and laboratory-based experiments to assess physiological tolerance to limited water access at four sites distributed across the historical invasion path of cane toads (Rhinella marina) in Australia that, from east to west, alternated between mesic and seasonally xeric habitats. Toads from all locations were well hydrated at the time of capture. However, experimental dehydration caused greater mass loss, higher plasma osmolality, and inhibition of lytic ability in toads from xeric compared to mesic locations. These results suggest somewhat surprisingly that toads from xeric environments are physiologically more vulnerable to water loss. In contrast, bactericidal ability was not sensitive to hydric state and was greater in toads from eastern (long-colonized) areas. Similar patterns in lytic ability in hydrated toads and agglutination ability in wild toads suggest that toads along the invasion front face a tradeoff between enhanced dispersal ability and physiological responses to dehydration. The ability of this invasive species to spread into drier environments may be underpinned by a combination of phenotypic plasticity and evolved (heritable) traits.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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