Specificity and promiscuity at the branch point in gentamicin biosynthesis.
Specificity and promiscuity at the branch point in gentamicin biosynthesis.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.03.005
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发表时间:
2014-05-22
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sun Y
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Guo J;Huang F;Huang C;Duan X;Jian X;Leeper F;Deng Z;Leadlay PF;Sun Y
Gentamicin C complex is a mixture of aminoglycoside antibiotics used to treat severe Gram-negative bacterial infections. We report here key features of the late-stage biosynthesis of gentamicins. We show that the intermediate gentamicin X2, a known substrate for C-methylation at C-6′ to form G418 catalyzed by the radical SAM-dependent enzyme GenK, may instead undergo oxidation at C-6′ to form an aldehyde, catalyzed by the flavin-linked dehydrogenase GenQ. Surprisingly, GenQ acts in both branches of the pathway, likewise oxidizing G418 to an analogous ketone. Amination of these intermediates, catalyzed mainly by aminotransferase GenB1, produces the known intermediates JI-20A and JI-20B, respectively. Other pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes (GenB3 and GenB4) act in enigmatic dehydroxylation steps that convert JI-20A and JI-20B into the gentamicin C complex or (GenB2) catalyze the epimerization of gentamicin C2a into gentamicin C2. Dehydrogenase GenQ acts at the branch point in gentamicin biosynthesis Dehydrogenase GenQ has dual specificity and operates in both branches Aminotransferase GenB1 is the preferred (but not exclusive) partner of GenQ GenB3 and GenB4 are involved in 3′,4′-didehydroxylations, GenB2 is an epimerase Gentamicin mixtures have been used for several decades to combat Gram-negative bacterial infections, but single components might offer a therapeutic advantage. Guo et al. identify five enzymes catalyzing key late steps in gentamicin biosynthesis, pointing the way to future production of single-component gentamicins.
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