Specificity and promiscuity at the branch point in gentamicin biosynthesis.

Specificity and promiscuity at the branch point in gentamicin biosynthesis.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.03.005
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发表时间:
2014-05-22
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sun Y
Sun Y
中科院分区:
生物1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Guo J;Huang F;Huang C;Duan X;Jian X;Leeper F;Deng Z;Leadlay PF;Sun Y

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庆大霉素C复合物是氨基糖苷类抗生素的混合物,用于治疗严重的革兰氏阴性细菌感染。我们在这里报告了庆大霉素后期生物合成的关键特征。我们发现中间的庆大霉素X2,一个已知的在C-6 ‘处c -甲基化的底物,由自由基sam依赖的酶GenK催化形成G418,可能在C-6 ’处被氧化形成醛,由黄素连接的脱氢酶GenQ催化。令人惊讶的是,GenQ在通路的两个分支中都起作用,同样地将G418氧化为类似的酮。这些中间体的胺化反应主要由转氨酶GenB1催化,分别产生已知的中间体JI-20A和JI-20B。其他吡脲醛磷酸依赖酶(GenB3和GenB4)在神秘的去羟基化过程中发挥作用,将JI-20A和JI-20B转化为庆大霉素C复合物,或(GenB2)催化庆大霉素C2a的外聚成庆大霉素C2。脱氢酶GenQ在庆大霉素生物合成的分支点起作用脱氢酶GenQ具有双重特异性,并在两个分支中都起作用转氨酶GenB1是GenQ的首选(但不是唯一的)合作伙伴GenB3和GenB4参与3 ',4 ' -双去羟基化,GenB2是一种外溶酶庆大霉素混合物已经使用了几十年,以对抗革兰氏阴性细菌感染,但单一成分可能提供治疗优势。Guo等人发现了催化庆大霉素生物合成关键后期步骤的五种酶,为未来生产单组分庆大霉素指明了方向。
Gentamicin C complex is a mixture of aminoglycoside antibiotics used to treat severe Gram-negative bacterial infections. We report here key features of the late-stage biosynthesis of gentamicins. We show that the intermediate gentamicin X2, a known substrate for C-methylation at C-6′ to form G418 catalyzed by the radical SAM-dependent enzyme GenK, may instead undergo oxidation at C-6′ to form an aldehyde, catalyzed by the flavin-linked dehydrogenase GenQ. Surprisingly, GenQ acts in both branches of the pathway, likewise oxidizing G418 to an analogous ketone. Amination of these intermediates, catalyzed mainly by aminotransferase GenB1, produces the known intermediates JI-20A and JI-20B, respectively. Other pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes (GenB3 and GenB4) act in enigmatic dehydroxylation steps that convert JI-20A and JI-20B into the gentamicin C complex or (GenB2) catalyze the epimerization of gentamicin C2a into gentamicin C2. Dehydrogenase GenQ acts at the branch point in gentamicin biosynthesis Dehydrogenase GenQ has dual specificity and operates in both branches Aminotransferase GenB1 is the preferred (but not exclusive) partner of GenQ GenB3 and GenB4 are involved in 3′,4′-didehydroxylations, GenB2 is an epimerase Gentamicin mixtures have been used for several decades to combat Gram-negative bacterial infections, but single components might offer a therapeutic advantage. Guo et al. identify five enzymes catalyzing key late steps in gentamicin biosynthesis, pointing the way to future production of single-component gentamicins.
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