Nuclear morphologies: their diversity and functional relevance.
Nuclear morphologies: their diversity and functional relevance.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00412-016-0614-5
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发表时间：
2017-03
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Johnson EE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Skinner BM;Johnson EE
染色体和基因组生物学的研究往往集中在染色体形式的浓缩染色质上，而忽略了非分裂细胞。即使考虑相间核，它们也常常被当作可互换的圆形物体。然而，不同的细胞类型可能有非常不同的细胞核形状，这些形状对细胞功能有影响;事实上，许多病理学都与细胞核形状的改变有关。在这篇综述中，我们描述了一些核形态以外的球形和卵形。免疫系统的许多白细胞具有分叶核，这有助于它们的灵活性和迁移;平滑肌细胞具有纺锤形核，其在肌肉收缩期间必须变形;精子具有高度浓缩的核，其采用不同的形状，可能与游泳效率相关。细胞核不是细胞内的被动乘客。核的形状对细胞的转录活性有明显的影响。最近的研究表明，基因表达的调控可以受到核形态的影响，细胞可以在分化过程中彻底重塑其染色质。核骨架和细胞骨架在核膜处的连接提供了将机械力传递到核中的机制，直接影响染色质压实和组织。
Studies of chromosome and genome biology often focus on condensed chromatin in the form of chromosomes and neglect the non-dividing cells. Even when interphase nuclei are considered, they are often then treated as interchangeable round objects. However, different cell types can have very different nuclear shapes, and these shapes have impacts on cellular function; indeed, many pathologies are linked with alterations to nuclear shape. In this review, we describe some of the nuclear morphologies beyond the spherical and ovoid. Many of the leukocytes of the immune system have lobed nuclei, which aid their flexibility and migration; smooth muscle cells have a spindle shaped nucleus, which must deform during muscle contractions; spermatozoa have highly condensed nuclei which adopt varied shapes, potentially associated with swimming efficiency. Nuclei are not passive passengers within the cell. There are clear effects of nuclear shape on the transcriptional activity of the cell. Recent work has shown that regulation of gene expression can be influenced by nuclear morphology, and that cells can drastically remodel their chromatin during differentiation. The link between the nucleoskeleton and the cytoskeleton at the nuclear envelope provides a mechanism for transmission of mechanical forces into the nucleus, directly affecting chromatin compaction and organisation.
DOI：
10.1083/jcb.42.1.326
发表时间：
1969-07
期刊：
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Franke WW;Schinko W
通讯作者：
Schinko W